cleaning up stream API in C#

1 files changed, 2476 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/cpp/src/slice2cs/CsUtil.cpp b/cpp/src/slice2cs/CsUtil.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b3b1cf9718a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cpp/src/slice2cs/CsUtil.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2476 @@
+// **********************************************************************
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2003-2016 ZeroC, Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// This copy of Ice is licensed to you under the terms described in the
+// ICE_LICENSE file included in this distribution.
+//
+// **********************************************************************
+
+#include <CsUtil.h>
+#include <DotNetNames.h>
+#include <Slice/Util.h>
+#include <IceUtil/Functional.h>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <direct.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace Slice;
+using namespace IceUtil;
+using namespace IceUtilInternal;
+
+static string
+lookupKwd(const string& name, int baseTypes, bool mangleCasts = false)
+{
+    //
+    // Keyword list. *Must* be kept in alphabetical order.
+    //
+    static const string keywordList[] =
+    {
+        "abstract", "as", "async", "await", "base", "bool", "break", "byte", "case", "catch", "char", "checked", "class", "const",
+        "continue", "decimal", "default", "delegate", "do", "double", "else", "enum", "event", "explicit", "extern",
+        "false", "finally", "fixed", "float", "for", "foreach", "goto", "if", "implicit", "in", "int", "interface",
+        "internal", "is", "lock", "long", "namespace", "new", "null", "object", "operator", "out", "override",
+        "params", "private", "protected", "public", "readonly", "ref", "return", "sbyte", "sealed", "short",
+        "sizeof", "stackalloc", "static", "string", "struct", "switch", "this", "throw", "true", "try", "typeof",
+        "uint", "ulong", "unchecked", "unsafe", "ushort", "using", "virtual", "void", "volatile", "while"
+    };
+    bool found = binary_search(&keywordList[0],
+                               &keywordList[sizeof(keywordList) / sizeof(*keywordList)],
+                               name,
+                               Slice::CICompare());
+    if(found)
+    {
+        return "@" + name;
+    }
+    if(mangleCasts && (name == "checkedCast" || name == "uncheckedCast"))
+    {
+        return string(DotNet::manglePrefix) + name;
+    }
+    return Slice::DotNet::mangleName(name, baseTypes);
+}
+
+//
+// Split a scoped name into its components and return the components as a list of (unscoped) identifiers.
+//
+static StringList
+splitScopedName(const string& scoped)
+{
+    assert(scoped[0] == ':');
+    StringList ids;
+    string::size_type next = 0;
+    string::size_type pos;
+    while((pos = scoped.find("::", next)) != string::npos)
+    {
+        pos += 2;
+        if(pos != scoped.size())
+        {
+            string::size_type endpos = scoped.find("::", pos);
+            if(endpos != string::npos)
+            {
+                ids.push_back(scoped.substr(pos, endpos - pos));
+            }
+        }
+        next = pos;
+    }
+    if(next != scoped.size())
+    {
+        ids.push_back(scoped.substr(next));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ids.push_back("");
+    }
+
+    return ids;
+}
+
+//
+// If the passed name is a scoped name, return the identical scoped name,
+// but with all components that are C# keywords replaced by
+// their "@"-prefixed version; otherwise, if the passed name is
+// not scoped, but a C# keyword, return the "@"-prefixed name;
+// otherwise, check if the name is one of the method names of baseTypes;
+// if so, prefix it with _Ice_; otherwise, return the name unchanged.
+//
+string
+Slice::CsGenerator::fixId(const string& name, int baseTypes, bool mangleCasts)
+{
+    if(name.empty())
+    {
+        return name;
+    }
+    if(name[0] != ':')
+    {
+        return lookupKwd(name, baseTypes, mangleCasts);
+    }
+    StringList ids = splitScopedName(name);
+    StringList newIds;
+    for(StringList::const_iterator i = ids.begin(); i != ids.end(); ++i)
+    {
+        newIds.push_back(lookupKwd(*i, baseTypes));
+    }
+    stringstream result;
+    for(StringList::const_iterator j = newIds.begin(); j != newIds.end(); ++j)
+    {
+        if(j != newIds.begin())
+        {
+            result << '.';
+        }
+        result << *j;
+    }
+    return result.str();
+}
+
+string
+Slice::CsGenerator::fixId(const ContainedPtr& cont, int baseTypes, bool mangleCasts)
+{
+    ContainerPtr container = cont->container();
+    ContainedPtr contained = ContainedPtr::dynamicCast(container);
+    if(contained && contained->hasMetaData("clr:property") &&
+       (contained->containedType() == Contained::ContainedTypeClass || contained->containedType() == Contained::ContainedTypeStruct))
+    {
+        return cont->name() + "__prop";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return fixId(cont->name(), baseTypes, mangleCasts);
+    }
+}
+
+string
+Slice::CsGenerator::getOptionalFormat(const TypePtr& type)
+{
+    BuiltinPtr bp = BuiltinPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(bp)
+    {
+        switch(bp->kind())
+        {
+        case Builtin::KindByte:
+        case Builtin::KindBool:
+        {
+            return "Ice.OptionalFormat.F1";
+        }
+        case Builtin::KindShort:
+        {
+            return "Ice.OptionalFormat.F2";
+        }
+        case Builtin::KindInt:
+        case Builtin::KindFloat:
+        {
+            return "Ice.OptionalFormat.F4";
+        }
+        case Builtin::KindLong:
+        case Builtin::KindDouble:
+        {
+            return "Ice.OptionalFormat.F8";
+        }
+        case Builtin::KindString:
+        {
+            return "Ice.OptionalFormat.VSize";
+        }
+        case Builtin::KindObject:
+        {
+            return "Ice.OptionalFormat.Class";
+        }
+        case Builtin::KindObjectProxy:
+        {
+            return "Ice.OptionalFormat.FSize";
+        }
+        case Builtin::KindLocalObject:
+        {
+            assert(false);
+            break;
+        }
+        case Builtin::KindValue:
+        {
+            return "Ice.OptionalFormat.Class";
+        }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(EnumPtr::dynamicCast(type))
+    {
+        return "Ice.OptionalFormat.Size";
+    }
+
+    SequencePtr seq = SequencePtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(seq)
+    {
+        return seq->type()->isVariableLength() ? "Ice.OptionalFormat.FSize" : "Ice.OptionalFormat.VSize";
+    }
+
+    DictionaryPtr d = DictionaryPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(d)
+    {
+        return (d->keyType()->isVariableLength() || d->valueType()->isVariableLength()) ?
+            "Ice.OptionalFormat.FSize" : "Ice.OptionalFormat.VSize";
+    }
+
+    StructPtr st = StructPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(st)
+    {
+        return st->isVariableLength() ? "Ice.OptionalFormat.FSize" : "Ice.OptionalFormat.VSize";
+    }
+
+    if(ProxyPtr::dynamicCast(type))
+    {
+        return "Ice.OptionalFormat.FSize";
+    }
+
+    ClassDeclPtr cl = ClassDeclPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    assert(cl);
+    return "Ice.OptionalFormat.Class";
+}
+
+string
+Slice::CsGenerator::getStaticId(const TypePtr& type)
+{
+    BuiltinPtr b = BuiltinPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    ClassDeclPtr cl = ClassDeclPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+
+    assert((b && b->kind() == Builtin::KindObject) || cl);
+
+    if(b)
+    {
+        return "Ice.ObjectImpl.ice_staticId()";
+    }
+    else if(cl->isInterface())
+    {
+        ContainedPtr cont = ContainedPtr::dynamicCast(cl->container());
+        assert(cont);
+        return fixId(cont->scoped(), DotNet::ICloneable) + "." + cl->name() + "Disp_.ice_staticId()";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return fixId(cl->scoped(), DotNet::ICloneable) + ".ice_staticId()";
+    }
+}
+
+string
+Slice::CsGenerator::typeToString(const TypePtr& type, bool optional)
+{
+    if(!type)
+    {
+        return "void";
+    }
+
+    if(optional)
+    {
+        return "Ice.Optional<" + typeToString(type, false) + ">";
+    }
+
+    static const char* builtinTable[] =
+    {
+        "byte",
+        "bool",
+        "short",
+        "int",
+        "long",
+        "float",
+        "double",
+        "string",
+        "Ice.Object",
+        "Ice.ObjectPrx",
+        "_System.Object",
+        "Ice.Object" // Ice.Value
+    };
+
+    BuiltinPtr builtin = BuiltinPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(builtin)
+    {
+        return builtinTable[builtin->kind()];
+    }
+
+    ProxyPtr proxy = ProxyPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(proxy)
+    {
+        return fixId(proxy->_class()->scoped() + "Prx");
+    }
+
+    SequencePtr seq = SequencePtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(seq)
+    {
+        string prefix = "clr:generic:";
+        string meta;
+        if(seq->findMetaData(prefix, meta))
+        {
+            string type = meta.substr(prefix.size());
+            if(type == "List" || type == "LinkedList" || type == "Queue" || type == "Stack")
+            {
+                return "_System.Collections.Generic." + type + "<" + typeToString(seq->type()) + ">";
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return "global::" + type + "<" + typeToString(seq->type()) + ">";
+            }
+        }
+
+        prefix = "clr:serializable:";
+        if(seq->findMetaData(prefix, meta))
+        {
+            string type = meta.substr(prefix.size());
+            return "global::" + type;
+        }
+
+        return typeToString(seq->type()) + "[]";
+    }
+
+    DictionaryPtr d = DictionaryPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(d)
+    {
+        string prefix = "clr:generic:";
+        string meta;
+        string typeName;
+        if(d->findMetaData(prefix, meta))
+        {
+            typeName = meta.substr(prefix.size());
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            typeName = "Dictionary";
+        }
+        return "_System.Collections.Generic." + typeName
+                + "<" + typeToString(d->keyType()) + ", " + typeToString(d->valueType()) + ">";
+    }
+
+    ContainedPtr contained = ContainedPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(contained)
+    {
+        return fixId(contained->scoped());
+    }
+
+    return "???";
+}
+
+bool
+Slice::CsGenerator::isValueType(const TypePtr& type)
+{
+    BuiltinPtr builtin = BuiltinPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(builtin)
+    {
+        switch(builtin->kind())
+        {
+            case Builtin::KindString:
+            case Builtin::KindObject:
+            case Builtin::KindObjectProxy:
+            case Builtin::KindLocalObject:
+            case Builtin::KindValue:
+            {
+                return false;
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+            {
+                return true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    StructPtr s = StructPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(s)
+    {
+        if(s->hasMetaData("clr:class"))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        DataMemberList dm = s->dataMembers();
+        for(DataMemberList::const_iterator i = dm.begin(); i != dm.end(); ++i)
+        {
+            if(!isValueType((*i)->type()) || (*i)->defaultValueType())
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    if(EnumPtr::dynamicCast(type))
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool
+Slice::CsGenerator::isSerializable(const TypePtr& type)
+{
+    //
+    // A proxy cannot be serialized because a communicator is required during deserialization.
+    //
+    BuiltinPtr builtin = BuiltinPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    ProxyPtr proxy = ProxyPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if((builtin && builtin->kind() == Builtin::KindObjectProxy) || proxy)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    SequencePtr seq = SequencePtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(seq)
+    {
+        return isSerializable(seq->type());
+    }
+
+    DictionaryPtr d = DictionaryPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(d)
+    {
+        return isSerializable(d->keyType()) && isSerializable(d->valueType());
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void
+Slice::CsGenerator::writeMarshalUnmarshalCode(Output &out,
+                                              const TypePtr& type,
+                                              const string& param,
+                                              bool marshal)
+{
+    string stream = marshal ? "os__" : "is__";
+
+    BuiltinPtr builtin = BuiltinPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(builtin)
+    {
+        switch(builtin->kind())
+        {
+            case Builtin::KindByte:
+            {
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeByte(" << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << stream << ".readByte()" << ';';
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindBool:
+            {
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeBool(" << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << stream << ".readBool()" << ';';
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindShort:
+            {
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeShort(" << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << stream << ".readShort()" << ';';
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindInt:
+            {
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeInt(" << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << stream << ".readInt()" << ';';
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindLong:
+            {
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeLong(" << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << stream << ".readLong()" << ';';
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindFloat:
+            {
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeFloat(" << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << stream << ".readFloat()" << ';';
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindDouble:
+            {
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeDouble(" << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << stream << ".readDouble()" << ';';
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindString:
+            {
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeString(" << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << stream << ".readString()" << ';';
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindObject:
+            case Builtin::KindValue:
+            {
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeValue(" << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".readValue(" << param << ");";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindObjectProxy:
+            {
+                string typeS = typeToString(type);
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeProxy(" << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << stream << ".readProxy()" << ';';
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindLocalObject:
+            {
+                assert(false);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ProxyPtr prx = ProxyPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(prx)
+    {
+        string typeS = typeToString(type);
+        if(marshal)
+        {
+            out << nl << typeS << "Helper.write(" << stream << ", " << param << ");";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << nl << param << " = " << typeS << "Helper.read(" << stream << ");";
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ClassDeclPtr cl = ClassDeclPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(cl)
+    {
+        if(marshal)
+        {
+            out << nl << stream << ".writeValue(" << param << ");";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << nl << stream << ".readValue(" << param << ");";
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    StructPtr st = StructPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(st)
+    {
+        if(marshal)
+        {
+            if(!isValueType(st))
+            {
+                out << nl << typeToString(st) << ".write(" << stream << ", " << param << ");";
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                out << nl << param << ".write__(" << stream << ");";
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if(!isValueType(st))
+            {
+                out << nl << param << " = " << typeToString(type) << ".read(" << stream << ");";
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                out << nl << param << ".read__(" << stream << ");";
+            }
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    EnumPtr en = EnumPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(en)
+    {
+        if(marshal)
+        {
+            out << nl << stream << ".writeEnum((int)" << param << ", " << en->maxValue() << ");";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << nl << param << " = (" << fixId(en->scoped()) << ')' << stream << ".readEnum(" << en->maxValue()
+                << ");";
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    SequencePtr seq = SequencePtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(seq)
+    {
+        writeSequenceMarshalUnmarshalCode(out, seq, param, marshal, true);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    assert(ConstructedPtr::dynamicCast(type));
+    string typeS;
+    DictionaryPtr d = DictionaryPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(d)
+    {
+        typeS = fixId(d->scope()) + d->name();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        typeS = typeToString(type);
+    }
+    if(marshal)
+    {
+        out << nl << typeS << "Helper.write(" << stream << ", " << param << ");";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        out << nl << param << " = " << typeS << "Helper.read(" << stream << ')' << ';';
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Slice::CsGenerator::writeOptionalMarshalUnmarshalCode(Output &out,
+                                                      const TypePtr& type,
+                                                      const string& param,
+                                                      int tag,
+                                                      bool marshal)
+{
+    string stream = marshal ? "os__" : "is__";
+
+    BuiltinPtr builtin = BuiltinPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(builtin)
+    {
+        switch(builtin->kind())
+        {
+            case Builtin::KindByte:
+            {
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeByte(" << tag << ", " << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << stream << ".readByte(" << tag << ");";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindBool:
+            {
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeBool(" << tag << ", " << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << stream << ".readBool(" << tag << ");";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindShort:
+            {
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeShort(" << tag << ", " << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << stream << ".readShort(" << tag << ");";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindInt:
+            {
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeInt(" << tag << ", " << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << stream << ".readInt(" << tag << ");";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindLong:
+            {
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeLong(" << tag << ", " << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << stream << ".readLong(" << tag << ");";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindFloat:
+            {
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeFloat(" << tag << ", " << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << stream << ".readFloat(" << tag << ");";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindDouble:
+            {
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeDouble(" << tag << ", " << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << stream << ".readDouble(" << tag << ");";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindString:
+            {
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeString(" << tag << ", " << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << stream << ".readString(" << tag << ");";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindObject:
+            case Builtin::KindValue:
+            {
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeValue(" << tag << ", " << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".readValue(" << tag << ", " << param << ");";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindObjectProxy:
+            {
+                string typeS = typeToString(type);
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeProxy(" << tag << ", " << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = new Ice.Optional<Ice.ObjectPrx>(" << stream << ".readProxy(" << tag
+                        << "));";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindLocalObject:
+            {
+                assert(false);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ProxyPtr prx = ProxyPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(prx)
+    {
+        if(marshal)
+        {
+            out << nl << "if(" << param << ".HasValue && " << stream << ".writeOptional(" << tag
+                << ", Ice.OptionalFormat.FSize))";
+            out << sb;
+            out << nl << "int pos__ = " << stream << ".startSize();";
+            writeMarshalUnmarshalCode(out, type, param + ".Value", marshal);
+            out << nl << stream << ".endSize(pos__);";
+            out << eb;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << nl << "if(" << stream << ".readOptional(" << tag << ", Ice.OptionalFormat.FSize))";
+            out << sb;
+            out << nl << stream << ".skip(4);";
+            string tmp = "tmpVal__";
+            string typeS = typeToString(type);
+            out << nl << typeS << ' ' << tmp << ';';
+            writeMarshalUnmarshalCode(out, type, tmp, marshal);
+            out << nl << param << " = new Ice.Optional<" << typeS << ">(" << tmp << ");";
+            out << eb;
+            out << nl << "else";
+            out << sb;
+            out << nl << param << " = new Ice.Optional<" << typeS << ">();";
+            out << eb;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ClassDeclPtr cl = ClassDeclPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(cl)
+    {
+        if(marshal)
+        {
+            out << nl << stream << ".writeValue(" << tag << ", " << param << ");";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << nl << stream << ".readValue(" << tag << ", " << param << ");";
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    StructPtr st = StructPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(st)
+    {
+        if(marshal)
+        {
+            out << nl << "if(" << param << ".HasValue && " << stream << ".writeOptional(" << tag << ", "
+                << getOptionalFormat(st) << "))";
+            out << sb;
+            if(st->isVariableLength())
+            {
+                out << nl << "int pos__ = " << stream << ".startSize();";
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                out << nl << stream << ".writeSize(" << st->minWireSize() << ");";
+            }
+            writeMarshalUnmarshalCode(out, type, param + ".Value", marshal);
+            if(st->isVariableLength())
+            {
+                out << nl << stream << ".endSize(pos__);";
+            }
+            out << eb;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << nl << "if(" << stream << ".readOptional(" << tag << ", " << getOptionalFormat(st) << "))";
+            out << sb;
+            if(st->isVariableLength())
+            {
+                out << nl << stream << ".skip(4);";
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                out << nl << stream << ".skipSize();";
+            }
+            string typeS = typeToString(type);
+            string tmp = "tmpVal__";
+            if(isValueType(st))
+            {
+                out << nl << typeS << ' ' << tmp << " = new " << typeS << "();";
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                out << nl << typeS << ' ' << tmp << " = null;";
+            }
+            writeMarshalUnmarshalCode(out, type, tmp, marshal);
+            out << nl << param << " = new Ice.Optional<" << typeS << ">(" << tmp << ");";
+            out << eb;
+            out << nl << "else";
+            out << sb;
+            out << nl << param << " = new Ice.Optional<" << typeS << ">();";
+            out << eb;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    EnumPtr en = EnumPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(en)
+    {
+        size_t sz = en->getEnumerators().size();
+        if(marshal)
+        {
+            out << nl << "if(" << param << ".HasValue)";
+            out << sb;
+            out << nl << stream << ".writeEnum(" << tag << ", (int)" << param << ".Value, " << sz << ");";
+            out << eb;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << nl << "if(" << stream << ".readOptional(" << tag << ", Ice.OptionalFormat.Size))";
+            out << sb;
+            string typeS = typeToString(type);
+            string tmp = "tmpVal__";
+            out << nl << typeS << ' ' << tmp << ';';
+            writeMarshalUnmarshalCode(out, type, tmp, marshal);
+            out << nl << param << " = new Ice.Optional<" << typeS << ">(" << tmp << ");";
+            out << eb;
+            out << nl << "else";
+            out << sb;
+            out << nl << param << " = new Ice.Optional<" << typeS << ">();";
+            out << eb;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    SequencePtr seq = SequencePtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(seq)
+    {
+        writeOptionalSequenceMarshalUnmarshalCode(out, seq, param, tag, marshal);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    DictionaryPtr d = DictionaryPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    assert(d);
+    TypePtr keyType = d->keyType();
+    TypePtr valueType = d->valueType();
+    if(marshal)
+    {
+        out << nl << "if(" << param << ".HasValue && " << stream << ".writeOptional(" << tag << ", "
+            << getOptionalFormat(d) << "))";
+        out << sb;
+        if(keyType->isVariableLength() || valueType->isVariableLength())
+        {
+            out << nl << "int pos__ = " << stream << ".startSize();";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << nl << stream << ".writeSize(" << param << ".Value == null ? 1 : " << param << ".Value.Count * "
+                << (keyType->minWireSize() + valueType->minWireSize()) << " + (" << param
+                << ".Value.Count > 254 ? 5 : 1));";
+        }
+        writeMarshalUnmarshalCode(out, type, param + ".Value", marshal);
+        if(keyType->isVariableLength() || valueType->isVariableLength())
+        {
+            out << nl << stream << ".endSize(pos__);";
+        }
+        out << eb;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        out << nl << "if(" << stream << ".readOptional(" << tag << ", " << getOptionalFormat(d) << "))";
+        out << sb;
+        if(keyType->isVariableLength() || valueType->isVariableLength())
+        {
+            out << nl << stream << ".skip(4);";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << nl << stream << ".skipSize();";
+        }
+        string typeS = typeToString(type);
+        string tmp = "tmpVal__";
+        out << nl << typeS << ' ' << tmp << " = new " << typeS << "();";
+        writeMarshalUnmarshalCode(out, type, tmp, marshal);
+        out << nl << param << " = new Ice.Optional<" << typeS << ">(" << tmp << ");";
+        out << eb;
+        out << nl << "else";
+        out << sb;
+        out << nl << param << " = new Ice.Optional<" << typeS << ">();";
+        out << eb;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Slice::CsGenerator::writeSequenceMarshalUnmarshalCode(Output& out,
+                                                      const SequencePtr& seq,
+                                                      const string& param,
+                                                      bool marshal,
+                                                      bool useHelper)
+{
+    string stream = marshal ? "os__" : "is__";
+
+    if(useHelper)
+    {
+        ContainedPtr cont = ContainedPtr::dynamicCast(seq->container());
+        assert(cont);
+        string helperName = fixId(cont->scoped(), DotNet::ICloneable) + "." + seq->name() + "Helper";
+        if(marshal)
+        {
+            out << nl << helperName << ".write(" << stream << ", " << param << ");";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << nl << param << " = " << helperName << ".read(" << stream << ");";
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    TypePtr type = seq->type();
+    string typeS = typeToString(type);
+
+    const string genericPrefix = "clr:generic:";
+    string genericType;
+    string addMethod = "Add";
+    const bool isGeneric = seq->findMetaData(genericPrefix, genericType);
+    bool isStack = false;
+    bool isList = false;
+    bool isLinkedList = false;
+    bool isCustom = false;
+    if(isGeneric)
+    {
+        genericType = genericType.substr(genericPrefix.size());
+        if(genericType == "LinkedList")
+        {
+            addMethod = "AddLast";
+            isLinkedList = true;
+        }
+        else if(genericType == "Queue")
+        {
+            addMethod = "Enqueue";
+        }
+        else if(genericType == "Stack")
+        {
+            addMethod = "Push";
+            isStack = true;
+        }
+        else if(genericType == "List")
+        {
+            isList = true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            isCustom = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const bool isArray = !isGeneric;
+    const string limitID = isArray ? "Length" : "Count";
+
+    BuiltinPtr builtin = BuiltinPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(builtin)
+    {
+        switch(builtin->kind())
+        {
+            case Builtin::KindValue:
+            case Builtin::KindObject:
+            case Builtin::KindObjectProxy:
+            {
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    out << nl << "if(" << param << " == null)";
+                    out << sb;
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeSize(0);";
+                    out << eb;
+                    out << nl << "else";
+                    out << sb;
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeSize(" << param << '.' << limitID << ");";
+                    if(isGeneric && !isList)
+                    {
+                        if(isStack)
+                        {
+                            //
+                            // If the collection is a stack, write in top-to-bottom order. Stacks
+                            // cannot contain Ice.Object.
+                            //
+                            out << nl << "Ice.ObjectPrx[] " << param << "_tmp = " << param << ".ToArray();";
+                            out << nl << "for(int ix__ = 0; ix__ < " << param << "_tmp.Length; ++ix__)";
+                            out << sb;
+                            out << nl << stream << ".writeProxy(" << param << "_tmp[ix__]);";
+                            out << eb;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            out << nl << "_System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator<" << typeS
+                                << "> e__ = " << param << ".GetEnumerator();";
+                            out << nl << "while(e__.MoveNext())";
+                            out << sb;
+                            string func = (builtin->kind() == Builtin::KindObject ||
+                                           builtin->kind() == Builtin::KindValue) ? "writeValue" : "writeProxy";
+                            out << nl << stream << '.' << func << "(e__.Current);";
+                            out << eb;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        out << nl << "for(int ix__ = 0; ix__ < " << param << '.' << limitID << "; ++ix__)";
+                        out << sb;
+                        string func = (builtin->kind() == Builtin::KindObject ||
+                                       builtin->kind() == Builtin::KindValue) ? "writeValue" : "writeProxy";
+                        out << nl << stream << '.' << func << '(' << param << "[ix__]);";
+                        out << eb;
+                    }
+                    out << eb;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << "int " << param << "_lenx = " << stream << ".readAndCheckSeqSize("
+                        << static_cast<unsigned>(builtin->minWireSize()) << ");";
+                    out << nl << param << " = new ";
+                    if((builtin->kind() == Builtin::KindObject || builtin->kind() == Builtin::KindValue))
+                    {
+                        if(isArray)
+                        {
+                            out << "Ice.Object[" << param << "_lenx];";
+                        }
+                        else if(isCustom)
+                        {
+                            out << "global::" << genericType << "<Ice.Object>();";
+                        }
+                        else if(isGeneric)
+                        {
+                            out << "_System.Collections.Generic." << genericType << "<Ice.Object>(";
+                            if(!isLinkedList)
+                            {
+                                out << param << "_lenx";
+                            }
+                            out << ");";
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            out << typeToString(seq) << "(" << param << "_lenx);";
+                        }
+                        out << nl << "for(int ix__ = 0; ix__ < " << param << "_lenx; ++ix__)";
+                        out << sb;
+                        string patcherName;
+                        if(isCustom)
+                        {
+                            patcherName = "CustomSeq";
+                        }
+                        else if(isList)
+                        {
+                            patcherName = "List";
+                        }
+                        else if(isArray)
+                        {
+                            patcherName = "Array";
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            patcherName = "Sequence";
+                        }
+                        out << nl << "IceInternal." << patcherName << "Patcher<Ice.Object> p__ = new IceInternal."
+                            << patcherName << "Patcher<Ice.Object>(\"::Ice::Object\", " << param << ", ix__);";
+                        out << nl << stream << ".readValue(p__.patch);";
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if(isArray)
+                        {
+                            out << "Ice.ObjectPrx[" << param << "_lenx];";
+                        }
+                        else if(isGeneric)
+                        {
+                            out << "_System.Collections.Generic." << genericType << "<Ice.ObjectPrx>(";
+                            if(!isLinkedList)
+                            {
+                                out << param << "_lenx";
+                            }
+                            out << ");";
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            out << typeToString(seq) << "(" << param << "_lenx);";
+                        }
+                        out << nl << "for(int ix__ = 0; ix__ < " << param << "_lenx; ++ix__)";
+                        out << sb;
+                        if(isArray)
+                        {
+                            out << nl << param << "[ix__] = " << stream << ".readProxy();";
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            out << nl << "Ice.ObjectPrx val__ = new Ice.ObjectPrxHelperBase();";
+                            out << nl << "val__ = " << stream << ".readProxy();";
+                            out << nl << param << "." << addMethod << "(val__);";
+                        }
+                    }
+                    out << eb;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+            {
+                string prefix = "clr:serializable:";
+                string meta;
+                if(seq->findMetaData(prefix, meta))
+                {
+                    if(marshal)
+                    {
+                        out << nl << stream << ".writeSerializable(" << param << ");";
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        out << nl << param << " = (" << typeToString(seq) << ")" << stream << ".readSerializable();";
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                string func = typeS;
+                func[0] = toupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(typeS[0]));
+                if(marshal)
+                {
+                    if(isArray)
+                    {
+                        out << nl << stream << ".write" << func << "Seq(" << param << ");";
+                    }
+                    else if(isCustom)
+                    {
+                        out << nl << stream << ".write" << func << "Seq(" << param << " == null ? 0 : "
+                            << param << ".Count, " << param << ");";
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        assert(isGeneric);
+                        out << nl << stream << ".write" << func << "Seq(" << param << " == null ? 0 : "
+                            << param << ".Count, " << param << ");";
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if(isArray)
+                    {
+                        out << nl << param << " = " << stream << ".read" << func << "Seq();";
+                    }
+                    else if(isCustom)
+                    {
+                        out << sb;
+                        out << nl << param << " = new " << "global::" << genericType << "<"
+                            << typeToString(type) << ">();";
+                        out << nl << "int szx__ = " << stream << ".readSize();";
+                        out << nl << "for(int ix__ = 0; ix__ < szx__; ++ix__)";
+                        out << sb;
+                        out << nl << param << ".Add(" << stream << ".read" << func << "());";
+                        out << eb;
+                        out << eb;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        assert(isGeneric);
+                        out << nl << stream << ".read" << func << "Seq(out " << param << ");";
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ClassDeclPtr cl = ClassDeclPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(cl)
+    {
+        if(marshal)
+        {
+            out << nl << "if(" << param << " == null)";
+            out << sb;
+            out << nl << stream << ".writeSize(0);";
+            out << eb;
+            out << nl << "else";
+            out << sb;
+            out << nl << stream << ".writeSize(" << param << '.' << limitID << ");";
+            if(isGeneric && !isList)
+            {
+                //
+                // Stacks cannot contain class instances, so there is no need to marshal a
+                // stack bottom-up here.
+                //
+                out << nl << "_System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator<" << typeS
+                    << "> e__ = " << param << ".GetEnumerator();";
+                out << nl << "while(e__.MoveNext())";
+                out << sb;
+                out << nl << stream << ".writeValue(e__.Current);";
+                out << eb;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                out << nl << "for(int ix__ = 0; ix__ < " << param << '.' << limitID << "; ++ix__)";
+                out << sb;
+                out << nl << stream << ".writeValue(" << param << "[ix__]);";
+                out << eb;
+            }
+            out << eb;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << sb;
+            out << nl << "int szx__ = " << stream << ".readAndCheckSeqSize("
+                << static_cast<unsigned>(type->minWireSize()) << ");";
+            out << nl << param << " = new ";
+            if(isArray)
+            {
+                out << toArrayAlloc(typeS + "[]", "szx__");
+            }
+            else if(isCustom)
+            {
+                out << "global::" << genericType << "<" << typeS << ">()";
+            }
+            else if(isGeneric)
+            {
+                out << "_System.Collections.Generic." << genericType << "<" << typeS << ">(";
+                if(!isLinkedList)
+                {
+                    out << "szx__";
+                }
+                out << ")";
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                out << fixId(seq->scoped()) << "(szx__)";
+            }
+            out << ';';
+            out << nl << "for(int ix__ = 0; ix__ < szx__; ++ix__)";
+            out << sb;
+
+            string patcherName;
+            if(isCustom)
+            {
+                patcherName = "CustomSeq";
+            }
+            else if(isList)
+            {
+                patcherName = "List";
+            }
+            else if(isArray)
+            {
+                patcherName = "Array";
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                patcherName = "Sequence";
+            }
+            string scoped = ContainedPtr::dynamicCast(type)->scoped();
+            out << nl << "IceInternal." << patcherName << "Patcher<" << typeS << "> spx = new IceInternal."
+                << patcherName << "Patcher<" << typeS << ">(\"" << scoped << "\", " << param << ", ix__);";
+            out << nl << stream << ".readValue(spx.patch);";
+            out << eb;
+            out << eb;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    StructPtr st = StructPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(st)
+    {
+        if(marshal)
+        {
+            out << nl << "if(" << param << " == null)";
+            out << sb;
+            out << nl << stream << ".writeSize(0);";
+            out << eb;
+            out << nl << "else";
+            out << sb;
+            out << nl << stream << ".writeSize(" << param << '.' << limitID << ");";
+            if(isGeneric && !isList)
+            {
+                //
+                // Stacks are marshaled top-down.
+                //
+                if(isStack)
+                {
+                    out << nl << typeS << "[] " << param << "_tmp = " << param << ".ToArray();";
+                    out << nl << "for(int ix__ = 0; ix__ < " << param << "_tmp.Length; ++ix__)";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << "_System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator<" << typeS
+                        << "> e__ = " << param << ".GetEnumerator();";
+                    out << nl << "while(e__.MoveNext())";
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                out << nl << "for(int ix__ = 0; ix__ < " << param << '.' << limitID << "; ++ix__)";
+            }
+            out << sb;
+            string call;
+            if(isGeneric && !isList && !isStack)
+            {
+                if(isValueType(type))
+                {
+                    call = "e__.Current";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    call = "(e__.Current == null ? new ";
+                    call += typeS + "() : e__.Current)";
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if(isValueType(type))
+                {
+                    call = param;
+                    if(isStack)
+                    {
+                        call += "_tmp";
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    call = "(";
+                    call += param;
+                    if(isStack)
+                    {
+                        call += "_tmp";
+                    }
+                    call += "[ix__] == null ? new " + typeS + "() : " + param;
+                    if(isStack)
+                    {
+                        call += "_tmp";
+                    }
+                }
+                call += "[ix__]";
+                if(!isValueType(type))
+                {
+                    call += ")";
+                }
+            }
+            call += ".";
+            call += "write__";
+            call += "(" + stream + ");";
+            out << nl << call;
+            out << eb;
+            out << eb;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << sb;
+            out << nl << "int szx__ = " << stream << ".readAndCheckSeqSize("
+                << static_cast<unsigned>(type->minWireSize()) << ");";
+            if(isArray)
+            {
+                out << nl << param << " = new " << toArrayAlloc(typeS + "[]", "szx__") << ";";
+            }
+            else if(isCustom)
+            {
+                out << nl << param << " = new global::" << genericType << "<" << typeS << ">();";
+            }
+            else if(isStack)
+            {
+                out << nl << typeS << "[] " << param << "__tmp = new " << toArrayAlloc(typeS + "[]", "szx__") << ";";
+            }
+            else if(isGeneric)
+            {
+                out << nl << param << " = new _System.Collections.Generic." << genericType << "<" << typeS << ">(";
+                if(!isLinkedList)
+                {
+                    out << "szx__";
+                }
+                out << ");";
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                out << nl << param << " = new " << fixId(seq->scoped()) << "(szx__);";
+            }
+            out << nl << "for(int ix__ = 0; ix__ < szx__; ++ix__)";
+            out << sb;
+            if(isArray || isStack)
+            {
+                string v = isArray ? param : param + "__tmp";
+                if(!isValueType(st))
+                {
+                    out << nl << v << "[ix__] = new " << typeS << "();";
+                }
+                out << nl << v << "[ix__].read__(" << stream << ");";
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                out << nl << typeS << " val__ = new " << typeS << "();";
+                out << nl << "val__.read__(" << stream << ");";
+                out << nl << param << "." << addMethod << "(val__);";
+            }
+            out << eb;
+            if(isStack)
+            {
+                out << nl << "_System.Array.Reverse(" << param << "__tmp);";
+                out << nl << param << " = new _System.Collections.Generic." << genericType << "<" << typeS << ">("
+                    << param << "__tmp);";
+            }
+            out << eb;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    EnumPtr en = EnumPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(en)
+    {
+        if(marshal)
+        {
+            out << nl << "if(" << param << " == null)";
+            out << sb;
+            out << nl << stream << ".writeSize(0);";
+            out << eb;
+            out << nl << "else";
+            out << sb;
+            out << nl << stream << ".writeSize(" << param << '.'<< limitID << ");";
+            if(isGeneric && !isList)
+            {
+                //
+                // Stacks are marshaled top-down.
+                //
+                if(isStack)
+                {
+                    out << nl << typeS << "[] " << param << "_tmp = " << param << ".ToArray();";
+                    out << nl << "for(int ix__ = 0; ix__ < " << param << "_tmp.Length; ++ix__)";
+                    out << sb;
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeEnum((int)" << param << "_tmp[ix__], " << en->maxValue() << ");";
+                    out << eb;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << "_System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator<" << typeS
+                        << "> e__ = " << param << ".GetEnumerator();";
+                    out << nl << "while(e__.MoveNext())";
+                    out << sb;
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeEnum((int)e__.Current, " << en->maxValue() << ");";
+                    out << eb;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                out << nl << "for(int ix__ = 0; ix__ < " << param << '.' << limitID << "; ++ix__)";
+                out << sb;
+                out << nl << stream << ".writeEnum((int)" << param << "[ix__], " << en->maxValue() << ");";
+                out << eb;
+            }
+            out << eb;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << sb;
+            out << nl << "int szx__ = " << stream << ".readAndCheckSeqSize(" <<
+                static_cast<unsigned>(type->minWireSize()) << ");";
+            if(isArray)
+            {
+                out << nl << param << " = new " << toArrayAlloc(typeS + "[]", "szx__") << ";";
+            }
+            else if(isCustom)
+            {
+                out << nl << param << " = new global::" << genericType << "<" << typeS << ">();";
+            }
+            else if(isStack)
+            {
+                out << nl << typeS << "[] " << param << "__tmp = new " << toArrayAlloc(typeS + "[]", "szx__") << ";";
+            }
+            else if(isGeneric)
+            {
+                out << nl << param << " = new _System.Collections.Generic." << genericType << "<" << typeS << ">(";
+                if(!isLinkedList)
+                {
+                    out << "szx__";
+                }
+                out << ");";
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                out << nl << param << " = new " << fixId(seq->scoped()) << "(szx__);";
+            }
+            out << nl << "for(int ix__ = 0; ix__ < szx__; ++ix__)";
+            out << sb;
+            if(isArray || isStack)
+            {
+                string v = isArray ? param : param + "__tmp";
+                out << nl << v << "[ix__] = (" << typeS << ')' << stream << ".readEnum(" << en->maxValue() << ");";
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                out << nl << param << "." << addMethod << "((" << typeS << ')' << stream << ".readEnum("
+                    << en->maxValue() << "));";
+            }
+            out << eb;
+            if(isStack)
+            {
+                out << nl << "_System.Array.Reverse(" << param << "__tmp);";
+                out << nl << param << " = new _System.Collections.Generic." << genericType << "<" << typeS << ">("
+                    << param << "__tmp);";
+            }
+            out << eb;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    string helperName;
+    if(ProxyPtr::dynamicCast(type))
+    {
+        helperName = fixId(ProxyPtr::dynamicCast(type)->_class()->scoped() + "PrxHelper");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        helperName = fixId(ContainedPtr::dynamicCast(type)->scoped() + "Helper");
+    }
+
+    string func;
+    if(marshal)
+    {
+        func = "write";
+        out << nl << "if(" << param << " == null)";
+        out << sb;
+        out << nl << stream << ".writeSize(0);";
+        out << eb;
+        out << nl << "else";
+        out << sb;
+        out << nl << stream << ".writeSize(" << param << '.' << limitID << ");";
+        if(isGeneric && !isList)
+        {
+            //
+            // Stacks are marshaled top-down.
+            //
+            if(isStack)
+            {
+                out << nl << typeS << "[] " << param << "_tmp = " << param << ".ToArray();";
+                out << nl << "for(int ix__ = 0; ix__ < " << param << "_tmp.Length; ++ix__)";
+                out << sb;
+                out << nl << helperName << '.' << func << '(' << stream << ", " << param << "_tmp[ix__]);";
+                out << eb;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                out << nl << "_System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator<" << typeS
+                    << "> e__ = " << param << ".GetEnumerator();";
+                out << nl << "while(e__.MoveNext())";
+                out << sb;
+                out << nl << helperName << '.' << func << '(' << stream << ", e__.Current);";
+                out << eb;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << nl << "for(int ix__ = 0; ix__ < " << param << '.' << limitID << "; ++ix__)";
+            out << sb;
+            out << nl << helperName << '.' << func << '(' << stream << ", " << param << "[ix__]);";
+            out << eb;
+        }
+        out << eb;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        func = "read";
+        out << sb;
+        out << nl << "int szx__ = " << stream << ".readAndCheckSeqSize("
+            << static_cast<unsigned>(type->minWireSize()) << ");";
+        if(isArray)
+        {
+            out << nl << param << " = new " << toArrayAlloc(typeS + "[]", "szx__") << ";";
+        }
+        else if(isCustom)
+        {
+            out << nl << param << " = new global::" << genericType << "<" << typeS << ">();";
+        }
+        else if(isStack)
+        {
+            out << nl << typeS << "[] " << param << "__tmp = new " << toArrayAlloc(typeS + "[]", "szx__") << ";";
+        }
+        else if(isGeneric)
+        {
+            out << nl << param << " = new _System.Collections.Generic." << genericType << "<" << typeS << ">();";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << nl << param << " = new " << fixId(seq->scoped()) << "(szx__);";
+        }
+        out << nl << "for(int ix__ = 0; ix__ < szx__; ++ix__)";
+        out << sb;
+        if(isArray || isStack)
+        {
+            string v = isArray ? param : param + "__tmp";
+            out << nl << v << "[ix__] = " << helperName << '.' << func << '(' << stream << ");";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << nl << param << "." << addMethod << "(" << helperName << '.' << func << '(' << stream << "));";
+        }
+        out << eb;
+        if(isStack)
+        {
+            out << nl << "_System.Array.Reverse(" << param << "__tmp);";
+            out << nl << param << " = new _System.Collections.Generic." << genericType << "<" << typeS << ">("
+                << param << "__tmp);";
+        }
+        out << eb;
+    }
+
+    return;
+}
+
+void
+Slice::CsGenerator::writeOptionalSequenceMarshalUnmarshalCode(Output& out,
+                                                              const SequencePtr& seq,
+                                                              const string& param,
+                                                              int tag,
+                                                              bool marshal)
+{
+    string stream = marshal ? "os__" : "is__";
+
+    const TypePtr type = seq->type();
+    const string typeS = typeToString(type);
+    const string seqS = typeToString(seq);
+
+    string meta;
+    const bool isArray = !seq->findMetaData("clr:generic:", meta);
+    const string length = isArray ? param + ".Value.Length" : param + ".Value.Count";
+
+    BuiltinPtr builtin = BuiltinPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(builtin)
+    {
+        switch(builtin->kind())
+        {
+        case Builtin::KindByte:
+        case Builtin::KindBool:
+        case Builtin::KindShort:
+        case Builtin::KindInt:
+        case Builtin::KindFloat:
+        case Builtin::KindLong:
+        case Builtin::KindDouble:
+        case Builtin::KindString:
+        {
+            string func = typeS;
+            func[0] = toupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(typeS[0]));
+            const bool isSerializable = seq->findMetaData("clr:serializable:", meta);
+
+            if(marshal)
+            {
+                if(isSerializable)
+                {
+                    out << nl << "if(" << param << ".HasValue && " << stream << ".writeOptional(" << tag
+                        << ", Ice.OptionalFormat.VSize))";
+                    out << sb;
+                    out << nl << stream << ".writeSerializable(" << param << ".Value);";
+                    out << eb;
+                }
+                else if(isArray)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".write" << func << "Seq(" << tag << ", " << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << "if(" << param << ".HasValue)";
+                    out << sb;
+                    out << nl << stream << ".write" << func << "Seq(" << tag << ", " << param
+                        << ".Value == null ? 0 : " << param << ".Value.Count, " << param << ".Value);";
+                    out << eb;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                out << nl << "if(" << stream << ".readOptional(" << tag << ", " << getOptionalFormat(seq) << "))";
+                out << sb;
+                if(builtin->isVariableLength())
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".skip(4);";
+                }
+                else if(builtin->kind() != Builtin::KindByte && builtin->kind() != Builtin::KindBool)
+                {
+                    out << nl << stream << ".skipSize();";
+                }
+                string tmp = "tmpVal__";
+                out << nl << seqS << ' ' << tmp << ';';
+                writeSequenceMarshalUnmarshalCode(out, seq, tmp, marshal, true);
+                out << nl << param << " = new Ice.Optional<" << seqS << ">(" << tmp << ");";
+                out << eb;
+                out << nl << "else";
+                out << sb;
+                out << nl << param << " = new Ice.Optional<" << seqS << ">();";
+                out << eb;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case Builtin::KindValue:
+        case Builtin::KindObject:
+        case Builtin::KindObjectProxy:
+        {
+            if(marshal)
+            {
+                out << nl << "if(" << param << ".HasValue && " << stream << ".writeOptional(" << tag << ", "
+                    << getOptionalFormat(seq) << "))";
+                out << sb;
+                out << nl << "int pos__ = " << stream << ".startSize();";
+                writeSequenceMarshalUnmarshalCode(out, seq, param + ".Value", marshal, true);
+                out << nl << stream << ".endSize(pos__);";
+                out << eb;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                out << nl << "if(" << stream << ".readOptional(" << tag << ", " << getOptionalFormat(seq) << "))";
+                out << sb;
+                out << nl << stream << ".skip(4);";
+                string tmp = "tmpVal__";
+                out << nl << seqS << ' ' << tmp << ';';
+                writeSequenceMarshalUnmarshalCode(out, seq, tmp, marshal, true);
+                out << nl << param << " = new Ice.Optional<" << seqS << ">(" << tmp << ");";
+                out << eb;
+                out << nl << "else";
+                out << sb;
+                out << nl << param << " = new Ice.Optional<" << seqS << ">();";
+                out << eb;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case Builtin::KindLocalObject:
+            assert(false);
+        }
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    StructPtr st = StructPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(st)
+    {
+        if(marshal)
+        {
+            out << nl << "if(" << param << ".HasValue && " << stream << ".writeOptional(" << tag << ", "
+                << getOptionalFormat(seq) << "))";
+            out << sb;
+            if(st->isVariableLength())
+            {
+                out << nl << "int pos__ = " << stream << ".startSize();";
+            }
+            else if(st->minWireSize() > 1)
+            {
+                out << nl << stream << ".writeSize(" << param << ".Value == null ? 1 : " << length << " * "
+                    << st->minWireSize() << " + (" << length << " > 254 ? 5 : 1));";
+            }
+            writeSequenceMarshalUnmarshalCode(out, seq, param + ".Value", marshal, true);
+            if(st->isVariableLength())
+            {
+                out << nl << stream << ".endSize(pos__);";
+            }
+            out << eb;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << nl << "if(" << stream << ".readOptional(" << tag << ", " << getOptionalFormat(seq) << "))";
+            out << sb;
+            if(st->isVariableLength())
+            {
+                out << nl << stream << ".skip(4);";
+            }
+            else if(st->minWireSize() > 1)
+            {
+                out << nl << stream << ".skipSize();";
+            }
+            string tmp = "tmpVal__";
+            out << nl << seqS << ' ' << tmp << ';';
+            writeSequenceMarshalUnmarshalCode(out, seq, tmp, marshal, true);
+            out << nl << param << " = new Ice.Optional<" << seqS << ">(" << tmp << ");";
+            out << eb;
+            out << nl << "else";
+            out << sb;
+            out << nl << param << " = new Ice.Optional<" << seqS << ">();";
+            out << eb;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // At this point, all remaining element types have variable size.
+    //
+    if(marshal)
+    {
+        out << nl << "if(" << param << ".HasValue && " << stream << ".writeOptional(" << tag << ", "
+            << getOptionalFormat(seq) << "))";
+        out << sb;
+        out << nl << "int pos__ = " << stream << ".startSize();";
+        writeSequenceMarshalUnmarshalCode(out, seq, param + ".Value", marshal, true);
+        out << nl << stream << ".endSize(pos__);";
+        out << eb;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        out << nl << "if(" << stream << ".readOptional(" << tag << ", " << getOptionalFormat(seq) << "))";
+        out << sb;
+        out << nl << stream << ".skip(4);";
+        string tmp = "tmpVal__";
+        out << nl << seqS << ' ' << tmp << ';';
+        writeSequenceMarshalUnmarshalCode(out, seq, tmp, marshal, true);
+        out << nl << param << " = new Ice.Optional<" << seqS << ">(" << tmp << ");";
+        out << eb;
+        out << nl << "else";
+        out << sb;
+        out << nl << param << " = new Ice.Optional<" << seqS << ">();";
+        out << eb;
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Slice::CsGenerator::writeSerializeDeserializeCode(Output &out,
+                                                  const TypePtr& type,
+                                                  const string& param,
+                                                  bool optional,
+                                                  int tag,
+                                                  bool serialize)
+{
+    if(!isSerializable(type))
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if(optional)
+    {
+        const string typeName = typeToString(type, true);
+        if(serialize)
+        {
+            out << nl << "info__.AddValue(\"" << param << "\", " << param << ", typeof(" << typeName << "));";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << nl << param << " = (" << typeName << ")info__.GetValue(\"" << param << "\", typeof(" << typeName
+                << "));";
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    BuiltinPtr builtin = BuiltinPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(builtin)
+    {
+        switch(builtin->kind())
+        {
+            case Builtin::KindByte:
+            {
+                if(serialize)
+                {
+                    out << nl << "info__.AddValue(\"" << param << "\", " << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << "info__.GetByte(\"" << param << "\");";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindBool:
+            {
+                if(serialize)
+                {
+                    out << nl << "info__.AddValue(\"" << param << "\", " << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << "info__.GetBoolean(\"" << param << "\");";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindShort:
+            {
+                if(serialize)
+                {
+                    out << nl << "info__.AddValue(\"" << param << "\", " << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << "info__.GetInt16(\"" << param << "\");";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindInt:
+            {
+                if(serialize)
+                {
+                    out << nl << "info__.AddValue(\"" << param << "\", " << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << "info__.GetInt32(\"" << param << "\");";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindLong:
+            {
+                if(serialize)
+                {
+                    out << nl << "info__.AddValue(\"" << param << "\", " << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << "info__.GetInt64(\"" << param << "\");";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindFloat:
+            {
+                if(serialize)
+                {
+                    out << nl << "info__.AddValue(\"" << param << "\", " << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << "info__.GetSingle(\"" << param << "\");";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindDouble:
+            {
+                if(serialize)
+                {
+                    out << nl << "info__.AddValue(\"" << param << "\", " << param << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << "info__.GetDouble(\"" << param << "\");";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindString:
+            {
+                if(serialize)
+                {
+                    out << nl << "info__.AddValue(\"" << param << "\", " << param << " == null ? \"\" : " << param
+                        << ");";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = " << "info__.GetString(\"" << param << "\");";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindValue:
+            case Builtin::KindObject:
+            case Builtin::KindLocalObject:
+            {
+                const string typeName = typeToString(type, false);
+                if(serialize)
+                {
+                    out << nl << "info__.AddValue(\"" << param << "\", " << param << ", typeof(" << typeName << "));";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    out << nl << param << " = (" << typeName << ")info__.GetValue(\"" << param << "\", typeof("
+                        << typeName << "));";
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case Builtin::KindObjectProxy:
+            {
+                //
+                // Proxies cannot be serialized.
+                //
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ProxyPtr prx = ProxyPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(prx)
+    {
+        //
+        // Proxies cannot be serialized.
+        //
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ClassDeclPtr cl = ClassDeclPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(cl)
+    {
+        const string typeName = typeToString(type, false);
+        if(serialize)
+        {
+            out << nl << "info__.AddValue(\"" << param << "\", " << param << ", typeof(" << typeName << "));";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << nl << param << " = (" << typeName << ")info__.GetValue(\"" << param << "\", typeof(" << typeName
+                << "));";
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    StructPtr st = StructPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(st)
+    {
+        const string typeName = typeToString(type, false);
+        if(serialize)
+        {
+            out << nl << "info__.AddValue(\"" << param << "\", " << param << ", typeof(" << typeName << "));";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << nl << param << " = (" << typeName << ")info__.GetValue(\"" << param << "\", typeof(" << typeName
+                << "));";
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    EnumPtr en = EnumPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(en)
+    {
+        const string typeName = typeToString(type, false);
+        if(serialize)
+        {
+            out << nl << "info__.AddValue(\"" << param << "\", " << param << ", typeof(" << typeName << "));";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << nl << param << " = (" << typeName << ")info__.GetValue(\"" << param << "\", typeof(" << typeName
+                << "));";
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    SequencePtr seq = SequencePtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    if(seq)
+    {
+        const string typeName = typeToString(type, false);
+        if(serialize)
+        {
+            out << nl << "info__.AddValue(\"" << param << "\", " << param << ", typeof(" << typeName << "));";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            out << nl << param << " = (" << typeName << ")info__.GetValue(\"" << param << "\", typeof(" << typeName
+                << "));";
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    DictionaryPtr d = DictionaryPtr::dynamicCast(type);
+    assert(d);
+    const string typeName = typeToString(type, false);
+    if(serialize)
+    {
+        out << nl << "info__.AddValue(\"" << param << "\", " << param << ", typeof(" << typeName << "));";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        out << nl << param << " = (" << typeName << ")info__.GetValue(\"" << param << "\", typeof(" << typeName
+            << "));";
+    }
+}
+
+string
+Slice::CsGenerator::toArrayAlloc(const string& decl, const string& sz)
+{
+    int count = 0;
+    string::size_type pos = decl.size();
+    while(pos > 1 && decl.substr(pos - 2, 2) == "[]")
+    {
+        ++count;
+        pos -= 2;
+    }
+    assert(count > 0);
+
+    ostringstream o;
+    o << decl.substr(0, pos) << '[' << sz << ']' << decl.substr(pos + 2);
+    return o.str();
+}
+
+void
+Slice::CsGenerator::validateMetaData(const UnitPtr& u)
+{
+    MetaDataVisitor visitor;
+    u->visit(&visitor, true);
+}
+
+bool
+Slice::CsGenerator::MetaDataVisitor::visitUnitStart(const UnitPtr& p)
+{
+    //
+    // Validate global metadata in the top-level file and all included files.
+    //
+    StringList files = p->allFiles();
+
+    for(StringList::iterator q = files.begin(); q != files.end(); ++q)
+    {
+        string file = *q;
+        DefinitionContextPtr dc = p->findDefinitionContext(file);
+        assert(dc);
+        StringList globalMetaData = dc->getMetaData();
+
+        static const string csPrefix = "cs:";
+        static const string clrPrefix = "clr:";
+        for(StringList::const_iterator r = globalMetaData.begin(); r != globalMetaData.end(); ++r)
+        {
+            string s = *r;
+            if(_history.count(s) == 0)
+            {
+                if(s.find(csPrefix) == 0)
+                {
+                    static const string csAttributePrefix = csPrefix + "attribute:";
+                    if(s.find(csAttributePrefix) == 0 && s.size() > csAttributePrefix.size())
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    emitWarning(file, -1, "ignoring invalid global metadata `" + s + "'");
+                    _history.insert(s);
+                }
+                else if(s.find(clrPrefix) == 0)
+                {
+                    emitWarning(file, -1, "ignoring invalid global metadata `" + s + "'");
+                    _history.insert(s);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool
+Slice::CsGenerator::MetaDataVisitor::visitModuleStart(const ModulePtr& p)
+{
+    validate(p);
+    return true;
+}
+
+void
+Slice::CsGenerator::MetaDataVisitor::visitModuleEnd(const ModulePtr&)
+{
+}
+
+void
+Slice::CsGenerator::MetaDataVisitor::visitClassDecl(const ClassDeclPtr& p)
+{
+    validate(p);
+}
+
+bool
+Slice::CsGenerator::MetaDataVisitor::visitClassDefStart(const ClassDefPtr& p)
+{
+    validate(p);
+    return true;
+}
+
+void
+Slice::CsGenerator::MetaDataVisitor::visitClassDefEnd(const ClassDefPtr&)
+{
+}
+
+bool
+Slice::CsGenerator::MetaDataVisitor::visitExceptionStart(const ExceptionPtr& p)
+{
+    validate(p);
+    return true;
+}
+
+void
+Slice::CsGenerator::MetaDataVisitor::visitExceptionEnd(const ExceptionPtr&)
+{
+}
+
+bool
+Slice::CsGenerator::MetaDataVisitor::visitStructStart(const StructPtr& p)
+{
+    validate(p);
+    return true;
+}
+
+void
+Slice::CsGenerator::MetaDataVisitor::visitStructEnd(const StructPtr&)
+{
+}
+
+void
+Slice::CsGenerator::MetaDataVisitor::visitOperation(const OperationPtr& p)
+{
+    if(p->hasMetaData("UserException"))
+    {
+        ClassDefPtr cl = ClassDefPtr::dynamicCast(p->container());
+        if(!cl->isLocal())
+        {
+            ostringstream os;
+            os << "ignoring invalid metadata `UserException': directive applies only to local operations "
+               << "but enclosing " << (cl->isInterface() ? "interface" : "class") << "`" << cl->name()
+               << "' is not local";
+            emitWarning(p->file(), p->line(), os.str());
+        }
+    }
+    validate(p);
+
+    ParamDeclList params = p->parameters();
+    for(ParamDeclList::const_iterator i = params.begin(); i != params.end(); ++i)
+    {
+        visitParamDecl(*i);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+Slice::CsGenerator::MetaDataVisitor::visitParamDecl(const ParamDeclPtr& p)
+{
+    validate(p);
+}
+
+void
+Slice::CsGenerator::MetaDataVisitor::visitDataMember(const DataMemberPtr& p)
+{
+    validate(p);
+}
+
+void
+Slice::CsGenerator::MetaDataVisitor::visitSequence(const SequencePtr& p)
+{
+    validate(p);
+}
+
+void
+Slice::CsGenerator::MetaDataVisitor::visitDictionary(const DictionaryPtr& p)
+{
+    validate(p);
+}
+
+void
+Slice::CsGenerator::MetaDataVisitor::visitEnum(const EnumPtr& p)
+{
+    validate(p);
+}
+
+void
+Slice::CsGenerator::MetaDataVisitor::visitConst(const ConstPtr& p)
+{
+    validate(p);
+}
+
+void
+Slice::CsGenerator::MetaDataVisitor::validate(const ContainedPtr& cont)
+{
+    const string msg = "ignoring invalid metadata";
+
+    StringList localMetaData = cont->getMetaData();
+
+    for(StringList::const_iterator p = localMetaData.begin(); p != localMetaData.end(); ++p)
+    {
+        string s = *p;
+
+        string prefix = "clr:";
+        if(_history.count(s) == 0)
+        {
+            if(s.find(prefix) == 0)
+            {
+                SequencePtr seq = SequencePtr::dynamicCast(cont);
+                if(seq)
+                {
+                    static const string clrGenericPrefix = prefix + "generic:";
+                    if(s.find(clrGenericPrefix) == 0)
+                    {
+                        string type = s.substr(clrGenericPrefix.size());
+                        if(type == "LinkedList" || type == "Queue" || type == "Stack")
+                        {
+                            ClassDeclPtr cd = ClassDeclPtr::dynamicCast(seq->type());
+                            BuiltinPtr builtin = BuiltinPtr::dynamicCast(seq->type());
+                            if(!cd && !(builtin && (builtin->kind() == Builtin::KindObject ||
+                                                    builtin->kind() == Builtin::KindValue)))
+                            {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else if(!type.empty())
+                        {
+                            continue; // Custom type or List<T>
+                        }
+                    }
+                    static const string clrSerializablePrefix = prefix + "serializable:";
+                    if(s.find(clrSerializablePrefix) == 0)
+                    {
+                        string meta;
+                        if(cont->findMetaData(prefix + "generic:", meta))
+                        {
+                            emitWarning(cont->file(), cont->line(), msg + " `" + meta + "':\n" +
+                                        "serialization can only be used with the array mapping for byte sequences");
+                        }
+                        string type = s.substr(clrSerializablePrefix.size());
+                        BuiltinPtr builtin = BuiltinPtr::dynamicCast(seq->type());
+                        if(!type.empty() && builtin && builtin->kind() == Builtin::KindByte)
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else if(StructPtr::dynamicCast(cont))
+                {
+                    if(s.substr(prefix.size()) == "class")
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    if(s.substr(prefix.size()) == "property")
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    static const string clrImplementsPrefix = prefix + "implements:";
+                    if(s.find(clrImplementsPrefix) == 0)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+                else if(ClassDefPtr::dynamicCast(cont))
+                {
+                    if(s.substr(prefix.size()) == "property")
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    static const string clrImplementsPrefix = prefix + "implements:";
+                    if(s.find(clrImplementsPrefix) == 0)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+                else if(DictionaryPtr::dynamicCast(cont))
+                {
+                    static const string clrGenericPrefix = prefix + "generic:";
+                    if(s.find(clrGenericPrefix) == 0)
+                    {
+                        string type = s.substr(clrGenericPrefix.size());
+                        if(type == "SortedDictionary" ||  type == "SortedList")
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                emitWarning(cont->file(), cont->line(), msg + " `" + s + "'");
+                _history.insert(s);
+            }
+        }
+
+        prefix = "cs:";
+        if(_history.count(s) == 0)
+        {
+            if(s.find(prefix) == 0)
+            {
+                static const string csAttributePrefix = prefix + "attribute:";
+                if(s.find(csAttributePrefix) == 0 && s.size() > csAttributePrefix.size())
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                emitWarning(cont->file(), cont->line(), msg + " `" + s + "'");
+                _history.insert(s);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if(_history.count(s) == 0)
+        {
+            if(s == "delegate")
+            {
+                ClassDefPtr cl = ClassDefPtr::dynamicCast(cont);
+                if(cl && cl->isDelegate())
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                emitWarning(cont->file(), cont->line(), msg + " `" + s + "'");
+                _history.insert(s);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}