Bug 2803.

32 files changed, 434 insertions, 499 deletions

diff --git a/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Client.cpp b/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Client.cpp
index 53f360f38b3..f9ff7944e43 100644
--- a/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Client.cpp
+++ b/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Client.cpp
@@ -13,6 +13,31 @@
 using namespace std;
 using namespace Filesystem;
 
+// Recursively print the contents of directory "dir" in tree fashion.
+// For files, show the contents of each file. The "depth"
+// parameter is the current nesting level (for indentation).
+
+static void
+listRecursive(const DirectoryPrx & dir, int depth = 0)
+{
+    string indent(++depth, '\t');
+
+    NodeDescSeq contents = dir->list();
+
+    for (NodeDescSeq::const_iterator i = contents.begin(); i != contents.end(); ++i) {
+        DirectoryPrx dir = DirectoryPrx::checkedCast(i->proxy);
+        FilePrx file = FilePrx::uncheckedCast(i->proxy);
+        cout << indent << i->name << (dir ? " (directory):" : " (file):") << endl;
+        if (dir) {
+            listRecursive(dir, depth);
+        } else {
+            Lines text = file->read();
+            for (Lines::const_iterator j = text.begin(); j != text.end(); ++j)
+                cout << indent << "\t" << *j << endl;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 class FilesystemClient : public Ice::Application
 {
 public:
@@ -79,7 +104,7 @@ FilesystemClient::run(int argc, char* argv[])
     }
     catch(const NameInUse&)
     {
-        NodeDesc desc = rootDir->resolve("Coleridge");
+        NodeDesc desc = rootDir->find("Coleridge");
         coleridge = DirectoryPrx::checkedCast(desc.proxy);
         assert(coleridge);
     }
@@ -107,31 +132,16 @@ FilesystemClient::run(int argc, char* argv[])
     }
 
     cout << "Contents of filesystem:" << endl;
-    NodeDict contents = rootDir->list(RecursiveList);
-    NodeDict::iterator p;
-    for(p = contents.begin(); p != contents.end(); ++p)
-    {
-        cout << "  " << p->first << endl;
-    }
-
-    NodeDesc desc = rootDir->resolve("Coleridge/Kubla_Khan");
-    FilePrx file = FilePrx::checkedCast(desc.proxy);
-    assert(file);
-    Lines text = file->read();
-    cout << "Contents of file Coleridge/Kubla_Khan:" << endl;
-    for(Lines::iterator i = text.begin(); i != text.end(); ++i)
-    {
-        cout << "  " << *i << endl;
-    }
+    listRecursive(rootDir);
 
     //
     // Destroy the filesystem.
     //
-    contents = rootDir->list(NormalList);
-    for(p = contents.begin(); p != contents.end(); ++p)
+    NodeDescSeq contents = rootDir->list();
+    for(NodeDescSeq::iterator i = contents.begin(); i != contents.end(); ++i)
     {
-        cout << "Destroying " << p->first << "..." << endl;
-        p->second.proxy->destroy();
+        cout << "Destroying " << i->name << endl;
+        i->proxy->destroy();
     }
 
     return EXIT_SUCCESS;
diff --git a/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Filesystem.ice b/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Filesystem.ice
index b8427f36525..b8b5b38d351 100644
--- a/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Filesystem.ice
+++ b/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Filesystem.ice
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ module Filesystem
     };
     exception PermissionDenied extends GenericError {};
     exception NameInUse extends GenericError {};
-    exception IllegalName extends GenericError {};
     exception NoSuchName extends GenericError {};
 
     interface Node
@@ -23,8 +22,7 @@ module Filesystem
         idempotent string name();
 
         ["freeze:write"]
-        void destroy()
-            throws PermissionDenied;
+        void destroy() throws PermissionDenied;
     };
 
     sequence<string> Lines;
@@ -34,8 +32,7 @@ module Filesystem
         idempotent Lines read();
 
         ["freeze:write"]
-        idempotent void write(Lines text)
-            throws GenericError;
+        idempotent void write(Lines text) throws GenericError;
     };
 
     enum NodeType { DirType, FileType };
@@ -47,23 +44,18 @@ module Filesystem
         Node* proxy;
     };
 
-    dictionary<string, NodeDesc> NodeDict;
-
-    enum ListMode { NormalList, RecursiveList };
+    sequence<NodeDesc> NodeDescSeq;
 
     interface Directory extends Node
     {
-        idempotent NodeDict list(ListMode mode);
+        idempotent NodeDescSeq list();
 
-        idempotent NodeDesc resolve(string path)
-            throws NoSuchName;
+        idempotent NodeDesc find(string name) throws NoSuchName;
 
         ["freeze:write"]
-        File* createFile(string name)
-            throws NameInUse, IllegalName;
+        File* createFile(string name) throws NameInUse;
 
         ["freeze:write"]
-        Directory* createDirectory(string name)
-            throws NameInUse, IllegalName;
+        Directory* createDirectory(string name) throws NameInUse;
     };
 };
diff --git a/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/PersistentFilesystem.ice b/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/PersistentFilesystem.ice
index 774d2603eab..2895d2f5d14 100644
--- a/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/PersistentFilesystem.ice
+++ b/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/PersistentFilesystem.ice
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ module Filesystem
         Lines text;
     };
 
+    dictionary<string, NodeDesc> NodeDict;
+
     class PersistentDirectory extends PersistentNode implements Directory
     {
         ["freeze:write"]
diff --git a/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/PersistentFilesystemI.cpp b/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/PersistentFilesystemI.cpp
index 7bfe9e9f3e5..984a4c282e1 100644
--- a/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/PersistentFilesystemI.cpp
+++ b/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/PersistentFilesystemI.cpp
@@ -14,18 +14,17 @@ using namespace std;
 //
 // Filesystem::NodeI
 //
-Ice::ObjectAdapterPtr Filesystem::NodeI::_adapter;
 Freeze::EvictorPtr Filesystem::NodeI::_evictor;
 
 Filesystem::NodeI::NodeI()
 #ifdef __SUNPRO_CC
-  : _ID(Ice::Identity())
+  : _id(Ice::Identity())
 #endif
 {
 }
 
 Filesystem::NodeI::NodeI(const Ice::Identity& id)
-    : _ID(id)
+    : _id(id)
 {
 }
 
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ void
 Filesystem::FileI::destroy(const Ice::Current&)
 {
     parent->removeNode(nodeName);
-    _evictor->remove(_ID);
+    _evictor->remove(_id);
 }
 
 Filesystem::Lines
@@ -72,24 +71,24 @@ Filesystem::FileI::FileI(const Ice::Identity& id)
 // Filesystem::DirectoryI
 //
 string
-Filesystem::DirectoryI::name(const Ice::Current& current)
+Filesystem::DirectoryI::name(const Ice::Current& c)
 {
     IceUtil::Mutex::Lock lock(*this);
 
     if(_destroyed)
     {
-        throw Ice::ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, current.id, current.facet, current.operation);
+        throw Ice::ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, c.id, c.facet, c.operation);
     }
 
     return nodeName;
 }
 
 void
-Filesystem::DirectoryI::destroy(const Ice::Current& current)
+Filesystem::DirectoryI::destroy(const Ice::Current& c)
 {
     if(!parent)
     {
-        throw Filesystem::PermissionDenied("cannot remove root directory");
+        throw Filesystem::PermissionDenied("cannot destroy root directory");
     }
 
     NodeDict children;
@@ -99,7 +98,7 @@ Filesystem::DirectoryI::destroy(const Ice::Current& current)
 
         if(_destroyed)
         {
-            throw Ice::ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, current.id, current.facet, current.operation);
+            throw Ice::ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, c.id, c.facet, c.operation);
         }
 
         children = nodes;
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ Filesystem::DirectoryI::destroy(const Ice::Current& current)
     }
 
     //
-    // We must iterate over the children outside of synchronization.
+    // We must iterate over the children outside the synchronization.
     //
     for(NodeDict::iterator p = children.begin(); p != children.end(); ++p)
     {
@@ -117,107 +116,65 @@ Filesystem::DirectoryI::destroy(const Ice::Current& current)
     assert(nodes.empty());
 
     parent->removeNode(nodeName);
-    _evictor->remove(_ID);
+    _evictor->remove(_id);
 }
 
-Filesystem::NodeDict
-Filesystem::DirectoryI::list(Filesystem::ListMode mode, const Ice::Current& current)
+Filesystem::NodeDescSeq
+Filesystem::DirectoryI::list(const Ice::Current& c)
 {
-    NodeDict result;
-    {
-        IceUtil::Mutex::Lock lock(*this);
-
-        if(_destroyed)
-        {
-            throw Ice::ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, current.id, current.facet, current.operation);
-        }
+    IceUtil::Mutex::Lock lock(*this);
 
-        result = nodes;
+    if(_destroyed)
+    {
+        throw Ice::ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, c.id, c.facet, c.operation);
     }
 
-    if(mode == RecursiveList)
+    NodeDict::const_iterator p;
+    NodeDescSeq result;
+    for(p = nodes.begin(); p != nodes.end(); ++p)
     {
-        for(NodeDict::iterator p = result.begin(); p != result.end(); ++p)
-        {
-            if(p->second.type == DirType)
-            {
-                DirectoryPrx dir = DirectoryPrx::uncheckedCast(p->second.proxy);
-                NodeDict d = dir->list(mode);
-                for(NodeDict::iterator q = d.begin(); q != d.end(); ++q)
-                {
-                    result[p->second.name + "/" + q->second.name] = q->second;
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        result.push_back(p->second);
     }
-
     return result;
 }
 
 Filesystem::NodeDesc
-Filesystem::DirectoryI::resolve(const string& path, const Ice::Current& current)
+Filesystem::DirectoryI::find(const string& name, const Ice::Current& c)
 {
-    string::size_type pos = path.find('/');
-    string child, remainder;
-    if(pos == string::npos)
-    {
-        child = path;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        child = path.substr(0, pos);
-        pos = path.find_first_not_of("/", pos);
-        if(pos != string::npos)
-        {
-            remainder = path.substr(pos);
-        }
-    }
-
     IceUtil::Mutex::Lock lock(*this);
 
     if(_destroyed)
     {
-        throw Ice::ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, current.id, current.facet, current.operation);
+        throw Ice::ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, c.id, c.facet, c.operation);
     }
 
-    NodeDict::iterator p = nodes.find(child);
+    NodeDict::iterator p = nodes.find(name);
     if(p == nodes.end())
     {
-        throw NoSuchName("no node exists with name `" + child + "'");
-    }
-
-    if(remainder.empty())
-    {
-        return p->second;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if(p->second.type != DirType)
-        {
-            throw NoSuchName("node `" + child + "' is not a directory");
-        }
-        DirectoryPrx dir = DirectoryPrx::checkedCast(p->second.proxy);
-        assert(dir);
-        return dir->resolve(remainder);
+        throw NoSuchName(name);
     }
+    return p->second;
 }
 
 Filesystem::DirectoryPrx
-Filesystem::DirectoryI::createDirectory(const string& name, const Ice::Current& current)
+Filesystem::DirectoryI::createDirectory(const string& name, const Ice::Current& c)
 {
     IceUtil::Mutex::Lock lock(*this);
 
     if(_destroyed)
     {
-        throw Ice::ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, current.id, current.facet, current.operation);
+        throw Ice::ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, c.id, c.facet, c.operation);
     }
 
-    checkName(name);
+    if(name.empty() || nodes.find(name) != nodes.end())
+    {
+        throw NameInUse(name);
+    }
 
-    Ice::Identity id = current.adapter->getCommunicator()->stringToIdentity(IceUtil::generateUUID());
+    Ice::Identity id = c.adapter->getCommunicator()->stringToIdentity(IceUtil::generateUUID());
     PersistentDirectoryPtr dir = new DirectoryI(id);
     dir->nodeName = name;
-    dir->parent = PersistentDirectoryPrx::uncheckedCast(current.adapter->createProxy(current.id));
+    dir->parent = PersistentDirectoryPrx::uncheckedCast(c.adapter->createProxy(c.id));
     DirectoryPrx proxy = DirectoryPrx::uncheckedCast(_evictor->add(dir, id));
 
     NodeDesc nd;
@@ -230,21 +187,24 @@ Filesystem::DirectoryI::createDirectory(const string& name, const Ice::Current&
 }
 
 Filesystem::FilePrx
-Filesystem::DirectoryI::createFile(const string& name, const Ice::Current& current)
+Filesystem::DirectoryI::createFile(const string& name, const Ice::Current& c)
 {
     IceUtil::Mutex::Lock lock(*this);
 
     if(_destroyed)
     {
-        throw Ice::ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, current.id, current.facet, current.operation);
+        throw Ice::ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, c.id, c.facet, c.operation);
     }
 
-    checkName(name);
+    if(name.empty() || nodes.find(name) != nodes.end())
+    {
+        throw NameInUse(name);
+    }
 
-    Ice::Identity id = current.adapter->getCommunicator()->stringToIdentity(IceUtil::generateUUID());
+    Ice::Identity id = c.adapter->getCommunicator()->stringToIdentity(IceUtil::generateUUID());
     PersistentFilePtr file = new FileI(id);
     file->nodeName = name;
-    file->parent = PersistentDirectoryPrx::uncheckedCast(current.adapter->createProxy(current.id));
+    file->parent = PersistentDirectoryPrx::uncheckedCast(c.adapter->createProxy(c.id));
     FilePrx proxy = FilePrx::uncheckedCast(_evictor->add(file, id));
 
     NodeDesc nd;
@@ -276,23 +236,6 @@ Filesystem::DirectoryI::DirectoryI(const Ice::Identity& id) :
 {
 }
 
-void
-Filesystem::DirectoryI::checkName(const string& name) const
-{
-    if(name.empty() || name.find('/') != string::npos)
-    {
-        IllegalName e;
-        e.reason = "illegal name `" + name + "'";
-        throw e;
-    }
-
-    NodeDict::const_iterator p = nodes.find(name);
-    if(p != nodes.end())
-    {
-        throw NameInUse("name `" + name + "' is already in use");
-    }
-}
-
 //
 // Filesystem::NodeFactory
 //
@@ -330,5 +273,5 @@ Filesystem::NodeInitializer::initialize(const Ice::ObjectAdapterPtr&,
 {
     NodeIPtr node = NodeIPtr::dynamicCast(obj);
     assert(node);
-    const_cast<Ice::Identity&>(node->_ID) = id;
+    const_cast<Ice::Identity&>(node->_id) = id;
 }
diff --git a/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/PersistentFilesystemI.h b/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/PersistentFilesystemI.h
index 4533f63ac48..bdbbea08374 100644
--- a/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/PersistentFilesystemI.h
+++ b/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/PersistentFilesystemI.h
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ class NodeI : virtual public PersistentNode,
 {
 public:
 
-    static Ice::ObjectAdapterPtr _adapter;
     static Freeze::EvictorPtr _evictor;
 
 protected:
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ protected:
 
 public:
 
-    const Ice::Identity _ID;
+    const Ice::Identity _id;
 };
 typedef IceUtil::Handle<NodeI> NodeIPtr;
 
@@ -59,8 +58,8 @@ public:
     virtual std::string name(const Ice::Current&);
     virtual void destroy(const Ice::Current&);
 
-    virtual NodeDict list(ListMode, const Ice::Current&);
-    virtual NodeDesc resolve(const std::string&, const Ice::Current&);
+    virtual NodeDescSeq list(const Ice::Current&);
+    virtual NodeDesc find(const std::string&, const Ice::Current&);
     virtual DirectoryPrx createDirectory(const std::string&, const Ice::Current&);
     virtual FilePrx createFile(const std::string&, const Ice::Current&);
     virtual void removeNode(const std::string&, const Ice::Current&);
@@ -70,8 +69,6 @@ public:
 
 private:
 
-    void checkName(const std::string&) const;
-
     bool _destroyed;
 };
 
diff --git a/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Server.cpp b/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Server.cpp
index a67bb146c3e..86d7e349e3a 100644
--- a/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Server.cpp
+++ b/cpp/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Server.cpp
@@ -31,17 +31,18 @@ public:
         communicator()->addObjectFactory(factory, PersistentDirectory::ice_staticId());
 
         //
-        // Create an object adapter (stored in the NodeI::_adapter static member).
+        // Create an object adapter.
         //
-        NodeI::_adapter = communicator()->createObjectAdapterWithEndpoints("FreezeFilesystem", "default -p 10000");
+        Ice::ObjectAdapterPtr adapter = communicator()->createObjectAdapterWithEndpoints(
+                                                                "FreezeFilesystem", "default -p 10000");
 
         //
         // Create the Freeze evictor (stored in the NodeI::_evictor static member).
         //
         Freeze::ServantInitializerPtr init = new NodeInitializer;
-        NodeI::_evictor = Freeze::createBackgroundSaveEvictor(NodeI::_adapter, _envName, "evictorfs", init);
+        NodeI::_evictor = Freeze::createBackgroundSaveEvictor(adapter, _envName, "evictorfs", init);
 
-        NodeI::_adapter->addServantLocator(NodeI::_evictor, "");
+        adapter->addServantLocator(NodeI::_evictor, "");
 
         //
         // Create the root node if it doesn't exist.
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ public:
         //
         // Ready to accept requests now.
         //
-        NodeI::_adapter->activate();
+        adapter->activate();
 
         //
         // Wait until we are done.
diff --git a/cpp/demo/book/lifecycle/FilesystemI.cpp b/cpp/demo/book/lifecycle/FilesystemI.cpp
index fa3ad899597..9d564dd9675 100644
--- a/cpp/demo/book/lifecycle/FilesystemI.cpp
+++ b/cpp/demo/book/lifecycle/FilesystemI.cpp
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ FilesystemI::DirectoryI::ReapMap FilesystemI::DirectoryI::_reapMap;
 // Slice Node::name() operation.
 
 std::string
-FilesystemI::NodeI::name(const Current&)
+FilesystemI::NodeI::name(const Current& c)
 {
     IceUtil::Mutex::Lock lock(_m);
 
     if(_destroyed)
     {
-        throw ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+        throw ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, c.id, c.facet, c.operation);
     }
 
     return _name;
@@ -41,21 +41,46 @@ FilesystemI::NodeI::id() const
     return _id;
 }
 
+// Activate the servant and add it to the parent's contents map.
+
+ObjectPrx
+FilesystemI::NodeI::activate(const ObjectAdapterPtr& a)
+{
+    ObjectPrx node = a->add(this, _id);
+    if(_parent)
+    {
+        _parent->addChild(_name, this);
+    }
+    return node;
+}
+
+// NodeI constructor.
+
 FilesystemI::NodeI::NodeI(const string& name, const DirectoryIPtr& parent)
     : _name(name), _parent(parent), _destroyed(false)
 {
+    // Create an identity. The root directory has the fixed identity "RootDir".
+    //
+    if(!parent)
+    {
+        _id.name = "RootDir";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        _id.name = IceUtil::generateUUID();
+    }
 }
 
 // Slice File::read() operation.
 
 Lines
-FilesystemI::FileI::read(const Current&)
+FilesystemI::FileI::read(const Current& c)
 {
     IceUtil::Mutex::Lock lock(_m);
 
     if(_destroyed)
     {
-        throw ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+        throw ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, c.id, c.facet, c.operation);
     }
 
     return _lines;
@@ -64,13 +89,13 @@ FilesystemI::FileI::read(const Current&)
 // Slice File::write() operation.
 
 void
-FilesystemI::FileI::write(const Lines& text, const Current&)
+FilesystemI::FileI::write(const Lines& text, const Current& c)
 {
     IceUtil::Mutex::Lock lock(_m);
 
     if(_destroyed)
     {
-        throw ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+        throw ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, c.id, c.facet, c.operation);
     }
 
     _lines = text;
@@ -86,7 +111,7 @@ FilesystemI::FileI::destroy(const Current& c)
 
         if(_destroyed)
         {
-            throw ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+            throw ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, c.id, c.facet, c.operation);
         }
         _destroyed = true;
     }
@@ -99,12 +124,9 @@ FilesystemI::FileI::destroy(const Current& c)
 
 // FileI constructor.
 
-FilesystemI::FileI::FileI(const ObjectAdapterPtr& a, const string& name, const DirectoryIPtr& parent)
+FilesystemI::FileI::FileI(const string& name, const DirectoryIPtr& parent)
     : NodeI(name, parent)
 {
-    _id.name = IceUtil::generateUUID();
-    parent->addChild(name, this);
-    a->add(this, _id);
 }
 
 // Slice Directory::list() operation.
@@ -117,7 +139,7 @@ FilesystemI::DirectoryI::list(const Current& c)
 
         if(_destroyed)
         {
-            throw ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+            throw ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, c.id, c.facet, c.operation);
         }
     }
 
@@ -147,7 +169,7 @@ FilesystemI::DirectoryI::find(const string& name, const Current& c)
 
         if(_destroyed)
         {
-            throw ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+            throw ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, c.id, c.facet, c.operation);
         }
     }
 
@@ -179,7 +201,7 @@ FilesystemI::DirectoryI::createFile(const string& name, const Current& c)
 
         if(_destroyed)
         {
-            throw ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+            throw ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, c.id, c.facet, c.operation);
         }
     }
 
@@ -187,13 +209,13 @@ FilesystemI::DirectoryI::createFile(const string& name, const Current& c)
 
     reap();
 
-    if(_contents.find(name) != _contents.end())
+    if(name.empty() || _contents.find(name) != _contents.end())
     {
         throw NameInUse(name);
     }
 
-    FileIPtr f = new FileI(c.adapter, name, this);
-    return FilePrx::uncheckedCast(c.adapter->createProxy(f->id()));
+    FileIPtr f = new FileI(name, this);
+    return FilePrx::uncheckedCast(f->activate(c.adapter));
 }
 
 // Slice Directory::createDirectory() operation.
@@ -206,7 +228,7 @@ FilesystemI::DirectoryI::createDirectory(const string& name, const Current& c)
 
         if(_destroyed)
         {
-            throw ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+            throw ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, c.id, c.facet, c.operation);
         }
     }
 
@@ -214,13 +236,13 @@ FilesystemI::DirectoryI::createDirectory(const string& name, const Current& c)
 
     reap();
 
-    if(_contents.find(name) != _contents.end())
+    if(name.empty() || _contents.find(name) != _contents.end())
     {
         throw NameInUse(name);
     }
 
-    DirectoryIPtr d = new DirectoryI(c.adapter, name, this);
-    return DirectoryPrx::uncheckedCast(c.adapter->createProxy(d->id()));
+    DirectoryIPtr d = new DirectoryI(name, this);
+    return DirectoryPrx::uncheckedCast(d->activate(c.adapter));
 }
 
 // Slice Directory::destroy() operation.
@@ -238,7 +260,7 @@ FilesystemI::DirectoryI::destroy(const Current& c)
 
     if(_destroyed)
     {
-        throw ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__);
+        throw ObjectNotExistException(__FILE__, __LINE__, c.id, c.facet, c.operation);
     }
 
     IceUtil::StaticMutex::Lock lcLock(_lcMutex);
@@ -257,19 +279,9 @@ FilesystemI::DirectoryI::destroy(const Current& c)
 
 // DirectoryI constructor.
 
-FilesystemI::DirectoryI::DirectoryI(const ObjectAdapterPtr& a, const string& name, const DirectoryIPtr& parent)
+FilesystemI::DirectoryI::DirectoryI(const string& name, const DirectoryIPtr& parent)
     : NodeI(name, parent)
 {
-    if(!parent)
-    {
-        _id.name = "RootDir";
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        _id.name = IceUtil::generateUUID();
-        _parent->addChild(name, this);
-    }
-    a->add(this, _id);
 }
 
 // Add the passed name-node pair to the _contents map.
diff --git a/cpp/demo/book/lifecycle/FilesystemI.h b/cpp/demo/book/lifecycle/FilesystemI.h
index 01e24b00ace..bf86be54f8f 100644
--- a/cpp/demo/book/lifecycle/FilesystemI.h
+++ b/cpp/demo/book/lifecycle/FilesystemI.h
@@ -23,10 +23,13 @@ namespace FilesystemI
     class NodeI : virtual public Filesystem::Node
     {
     public:
+
         virtual std::string name(const Ice::Current&);
         Ice::Identity id() const;
+        Ice::ObjectPrx activate(const Ice::ObjectAdapterPtr&);
 
     protected:
+
         NodeI(const ::std::string&, const DirectoryIPtr&);
 
         const ::std::string _name;
@@ -41,13 +44,15 @@ namespace FilesystemI
     class FileI : virtual public Filesystem::File, virtual public NodeI
     {
     public:
+
         virtual Filesystem::Lines read(const Ice::Current&);
         virtual void write(const Filesystem::Lines&, const Ice::Current&);
         virtual void destroy(const Ice::Current&);
 
-        FileI(const Ice::ObjectAdapterPtr&, const std::string&, const DirectoryIPtr&);
+        FileI(const std::string&, const DirectoryIPtr&);
 
     private:
+
         Filesystem::Lines _lines;
     };
 
@@ -56,13 +61,14 @@ namespace FilesystemI
     class DirectoryI : virtual public NodeI, virtual public Filesystem::Directory
     {
     public:
+
         virtual Filesystem::NodeDescSeq list(const Ice::Current&);
         virtual Filesystem::NodeDesc find(const std::string& name, const Ice::Current&);
         Filesystem::FilePrx createFile(const ::std::string&, const Ice::Current&);
         Filesystem::DirectoryPrx createDirectory(const ::std::string&, const Ice::Current&);
         virtual void destroy(const Ice::Current&);
 
-        DirectoryI(const Ice::ObjectAdapterPtr&, const std::string& = "/", const DirectoryIPtr& = 0);
+        DirectoryI(const std::string& = "/", const DirectoryIPtr& = 0);
         void addChild(const ::std::string&, const NodeIPtr&);
 
         void addReapEntry(const ::std::string&);
@@ -70,6 +76,7 @@ namespace FilesystemI
         static IceUtil::StaticMutex _lcMutex;
 
     private:
+
         typedef ::std::map< ::std::string, NodeIPtr> Contents;
         Contents _contents;
 
diff --git a/cpp/demo/book/lifecycle/Server.cpp b/cpp/demo/book/lifecycle/Server.cpp
index a30462fb127..ff99757a233 100644
--- a/cpp/demo/book/lifecycle/Server.cpp
+++ b/cpp/demo/book/lifecycle/Server.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ public:
 
         // Create the root directory.
         //
-        new DirectoryI(adapter);
+        DirectoryIPtr root = new DirectoryI();
+        root->activate(adapter);
 
         // All objects are created, allow client requests now.
         //
diff --git a/cpp/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Client.cpp b/cpp/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Client.cpp
index c2a30428ba3..51c24e6951b 100755
--- a/cpp/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Client.cpp
+++ b/cpp/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Client.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ using namespace Filesystem;
 // parameter is the current nesting level (for indentation).
 
 static void
-listRecursive(const DirectoryPrx & dir, int depth = 0)
+listRecursive(const DirectoryPrx& dir, int depth = 0)
 {
     string indent(++depth, '\t');
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ listRecursive(const DirectoryPrx & dir, int depth = 0)
 }
 
 int
-main(int argc, char * argv[])
+main(int argc, char* argv[])
 {
     int status = 0;
     Ice::CommunicatorPtr ic;
diff --git a/cpp/demo/book/simple_filesystem/FilesystemI.cpp b/cpp/demo/book/simple_filesystem/FilesystemI.cpp
index 81839b84fe3..ea0dbbc5e4a 100755
--- a/cpp/demo/book/simple_filesystem/FilesystemI.cpp
+++ b/cpp/demo/book/simple_filesystem/FilesystemI.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2003-2008 ZeroC, Inc. All rights reserved.
 //
 // This copy of Ice is licensed to you under the terms described in the
-// ICE_LICENSE file included in this distribution.
+// ICE_LICENSE file include, in this distribution.
 //
 // **********************************************************************
 
@@ -12,52 +12,55 @@
 
 using namespace std;
 
-Ice::ObjectAdapterPtr Filesystem::NodeI::_adapter;      // static member
-
 // Slice Node::name() operation
 
 std::string
-Filesystem::NodeI::name(const Ice::Current &)
+Filesystem::NodeI::name(const Ice::Current&)
 {
     return _name;
 }
 
 // NodeI constructor
 
-Filesystem::NodeI::NodeI(const Ice::CommunicatorPtr & ic, const string & name, const DirectoryIPtr & parent) :
+Filesystem::NodeI::NodeI(const Ice::CommunicatorPtr& communicator, const string& name, const DirectoryIPtr& parent) :
     _name(name), _parent(parent)
 {
-    // Create an identity. The parent has the fixed identity "RootDir"
+    // Create an identity. The root directory has the fixed identity "RootDir"
     //
     // COMPILERFIX:
     //
-    // The line below causes a "thread synchronization error" exception on HP-UX (64 bit only):
+    // The line below causes "thread synchronization error" exception on HP-UX (64-bit only):
     //
-    // Ice::Identity myID = Ice::stringToIdentity(parent ? IceUtil::generateUUID() : "RootDir");
+    // _id = communicator->stringToIdentity(parent ? IceUtil::generateUUID() : "RootDir");
     //
     // We've rearranged the code to avoid the problem.
     //
-    Ice::Identity myID;
-    if (parent)
-        myID = ic->stringToIdentity(IceUtil::generateUUID());
+    if(parent)
+    {
+        _id = communicator->stringToIdentity(IceUtil::generateUUID());
+    }
     else
-        myID = ic->stringToIdentity("RootDir");
+    {
+        _id = communicator->stringToIdentity("RootDir");
+    }
+}
 
-    // Create a proxy for the new node and add it as a child to the parent
-    //
-    NodePrx thisNode = NodePrx::uncheckedCast(_adapter->createProxy(myID));
-    if (parent)
-        parent->addChild(thisNode);
+// NodeI activate() member function
 
-    // Activate the servant
-    //
-    _adapter->add(this, myID);
+void
+Filesystem::NodeI::activate(const Ice::ObjectAdapterPtr& a)
+{
+    NodePrx thisNode = NodePrx::uncheckedCast(a->add(this, _id));
+    if(_parent)
+    {
+        _parent->addChild(thisNode);
+    }
 }
 
 // Slice File::read() operation
 
 Filesystem::Lines
-Filesystem::FileI::read(const Ice::Current &)
+Filesystem::FileI::read(const Ice::Current&)
 {
     return _lines;
 }
@@ -65,31 +68,31 @@ Filesystem::FileI::read(const Ice::Current &)
 // Slice File::write() operation
 
 void
-Filesystem::FileI::write(const Filesystem::Lines & text,
-                         const Ice::Current &)
+Filesystem::FileI::write(const Filesystem::Lines& text, const Ice::Current&)
 {
     _lines = text;
 }
 
 // FileI constructor
 
-Filesystem::FileI::FileI(const Ice::CommunicatorPtr & ic, const string & name, const DirectoryIPtr & parent) : 
-    NodeI(ic, name, parent)
+Filesystem::FileI::FileI(const Ice::CommunicatorPtr& communicator, const string& name, const DirectoryIPtr& parent) :
+    NodeI(communicator, name, parent)
 {
 }
 
 // Slice Directory::list() operation
 
 Filesystem::NodeSeq
-Filesystem::DirectoryI::list(const Ice::Current &)
+Filesystem::DirectoryI::list(const Ice::Current& c)
 {
     return _contents;
 }
 
 // DirectoryI constructor
 
-Filesystem::DirectoryI::DirectoryI(const Ice::CommunicatorPtr & ic, const string & name, const DirectoryIPtr & parent) :
-    NodeI(ic, name, parent)
+Filesystem::DirectoryI::DirectoryI(const Ice::CommunicatorPtr& communicator, const string& name,
+                                   const DirectoryIPtr& parent) :
+    NodeI(communicator, name, parent)
 {
 }
 
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ Filesystem::DirectoryI::DirectoryI(const Ice::CommunicatorPtr & ic, const string
 // itself to the _contents member of the parent
 
 void
-Filesystem::DirectoryI::addChild(const NodePrx child)
+Filesystem::DirectoryI::addChild(const NodePrx& child)
 {
     _contents.push_back(child);
 }
diff --git a/cpp/demo/book/simple_filesystem/FilesystemI.h b/cpp/demo/book/simple_filesystem/FilesystemI.h
index ea51a9eae45..226bd99ddec 100755
--- a/cpp/demo/book/simple_filesystem/FilesystemI.h
+++ b/cpp/demo/book/simple_filesystem/FilesystemI.h
@@ -14,38 +14,44 @@
 #include <Filesystem.h>
 
 namespace Filesystem {
+
     class DirectoryI;
     typedef IceUtil::Handle<DirectoryI> DirectoryIPtr;
 
     class NodeI : virtual public Node {
     public:
-        virtual std::string name(const Ice::Current &);
-        NodeI(const Ice::CommunicatorPtr &, const std::string &, const DirectoryIPtr & parent);
-        static Ice::ObjectAdapterPtr _adapter;
+        virtual std::string name(const Ice::Current&);
+        NodeI(const Ice::CommunicatorPtr&, const std::string&, const DirectoryIPtr&);
+        void activate(const Ice::ObjectAdapterPtr&);
     private:
         std::string _name;
+        Ice::Identity _id;
         DirectoryIPtr _parent;
     };
 
+    typedef IceUtil::Handle<NodeI> NodeIPtr;
+
     class FileI : virtual public File,
                   virtual public NodeI {
     public:
-        virtual Lines read(const Ice::Current &);
-        virtual void write(const Lines &,
-                           const Ice::Current &);
-        FileI(const Ice::CommunicatorPtr &, const std::string &, const DirectoryIPtr &);
+        virtual Lines read(const Ice::Current&);
+        virtual void write(const Lines&,
+                           const Ice::Current& = Ice::Current());
+        FileI(const Ice::CommunicatorPtr&, const std::string&, const DirectoryIPtr&);
     private:
         Lines _lines;
     };
 
+    typedef IceUtil::Handle<FileI> FileIPtr;
+
     class DirectoryI : virtual public Directory,
                        virtual public NodeI {
     public:
-        virtual NodeSeq list(const Ice::Current &);
-        DirectoryI(const Ice::CommunicatorPtr &, const std::string &, const DirectoryIPtr &);
-        void addChild(NodePrx child);
+        virtual NodeSeq list(const Ice::Current&);
+        DirectoryI(const Ice::CommunicatorPtr&, const std::string&, const DirectoryIPtr&);
+        void addChild(const Filesystem::NodePrx&);
     private:
-        NodeSeq _contents;
+        Filesystem::NodeSeq _contents;
     };
 }
 
diff --git a/cpp/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Server.cpp b/cpp/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Server.cpp
index 664ae8ecb4c..9a86a002d8e 100755
--- a/cpp/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Server.cpp
+++ b/cpp/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Server.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 //
 // **********************************************************************
 
+#include <IceUtil/UUID.h>
 #include <Ice/Ice.h>
 #include <FilesystemI.h>
 
@@ -15,32 +16,34 @@ using namespace Filesystem;
 
 class FilesystemApp : virtual public Ice::Application {
 public:
-    virtual int run(int, char * []) {
+    virtual int run(int, char*[]) {
         // Terminate cleanly on receipt of a signal
         //
         shutdownOnInterrupt();
 
-        // Create an object adapter (stored in the NodeI::_adapter
-        // static member)
+        // Create an object adapter.
         //
-        NodeI::_adapter =
+        Ice::ObjectAdapterPtr adapter =
             communicator()->createObjectAdapterWithEndpoints(
                                 "SimpleFilesystem", "default -p 10000");
 
         // Create the root directory (with name "/" and no parent)
         //
         DirectoryIPtr root = new DirectoryI(communicator(), "/", 0);
+        root->activate(adapter);
 
         // Create a file called "README" in the root directory
         //
-        FilePtr file = new FileI(communicator(), "README", root);
+        FileIPtr file = new FileI(communicator(), "README", root);
         Lines text;
         text.push_back("This file system contains a collection of poetry.");
         file->write(text);
+        file->activate(adapter);
 
         // Create a directory called "Coleridge" in the root directory
         //
         DirectoryIPtr coleridge = new DirectoryI(communicator(), "Coleridge", root);
+        coleridge->activate(adapter);
 
         // Create a file called "Kubla_Khan" in the Coleridge directory
         //
@@ -52,10 +55,11 @@ public:
         text.push_back("Through caverns measureless to man");
         text.push_back("Down to a sunless sea.");
         file->write(text);
+        file->activate(adapter);
 
         // All objects are created, allow client requests now
         //
-        NodeI::_adapter->activate();
+        adapter->activate();
 
         // Wait until we are done
         //
@@ -65,8 +69,6 @@ public:
                  << ": received signal, shutting down" << endl;
         }
 
-        NodeI::_adapter = 0;
-
         return 0;
     };
 };
diff --git a/cs/demo/book/lifecycle/DirectoryI.cs b/cs/demo/book/lifecycle/DirectoryI.cs
index d71f91433ec..fe3f5c7395e 100644
--- a/cs/demo/book/lifecycle/DirectoryI.cs
+++ b/cs/demo/book/lifecycle/DirectoryI.cs
@@ -118,8 +118,7 @@ namespace FilesystemI
                 {
                     throw new NameInUse(name);
                 }
-                FileI f = new FileI(c.adapter, name, this);
-                return FilePrxHelper.uncheckedCast(c.adapter.createProxy(f.id()));
+                return new FileI(c.adapter, name, this).activate(c.adapter);
             }
         }
 
@@ -143,8 +142,7 @@ namespace FilesystemI
                 {
                     throw new NameInUse(name);
                 }
-                DirectoryI d = new DirectoryI(c.adapter, name, this);
-                return DirectoryPrxHelper.uncheckedCast(c.adapter.createProxy(d.id()));
+                return new DirectoryI(name, this).activate(c.adapter);
             }
         }
 
@@ -182,14 +180,14 @@ namespace FilesystemI
 
         // DirectoryI constructor for root directory.
 
-        public DirectoryI(ObjectAdapter a)
-            : this(a, "RootDir", null)
+        public DirectoryI()
+            : this("/", null)
         {
         }
 
         // DirectoryI constructor. parent == null indicates root directory.
 
-        public DirectoryI(ObjectAdapter a, string name, DirectoryI parent)
+        public DirectoryI(string name, DirectoryI parent)
         {
             lcMutex = new System.Object();
             _name = name;
@@ -200,14 +198,25 @@ namespace FilesystemI
 
             if(parent == null)
             {
-                _id.name = name;
+                _id.name = "RootDir";
             }
             else
             {
                 _id.name = Util.generateUUID();
-                _parent.addChild(name, this);
             }
-            a.add(this, _id);
+        }
+
+        // Add servant to ASM and to parent's _contents map.
+
+        public DirectoryPrx
+        activate(Ice.ObjectAdapter a)
+        {
+            DirectoryPrx node = DirectoryPrxHelper.uncheckedCast(a.add(this, _id));
+            if(_parent != null)
+            {
+                _parent.addChild(_name, this);
+            }
+            return node;
         }
 
         // Add the name-node pair to the _contents map.
diff --git a/cs/demo/book/lifecycle/FileI.cs b/cs/demo/book/lifecycle/FileI.cs
index 74585d0129e..0c0b4e6cfe5 100644
--- a/cs/demo/book/lifecycle/FileI.cs
+++ b/cs/demo/book/lifecycle/FileI.cs
@@ -85,8 +85,14 @@ namespace FilesystemI
             _destroyed = false;
             _id = new Identity();
             _id.name = Util.generateUUID();
-            _parent.addChild(name, this);
-            a.add(this, _id);
+        }
+
+        public FilePrx
+        activate(Ice.ObjectAdapter a)
+        {
+            FilePrx node = FilePrxHelper.uncheckedCast(a.add(this, _id));
+            _parent.addChild(_name, this);
+            return node;
         }
 
         private string _name;
diff --git a/cs/demo/book/lifecycle/Server.cs b/cs/demo/book/lifecycle/Server.cs
index 28fc9e31c71..d43aead275f 100644
--- a/cs/demo/book/lifecycle/Server.cs
+++ b/cs/demo/book/lifecycle/Server.cs
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ public class Server
 
             // Create the root directory.
             //
-            new DirectoryI(adapter);
+            DirectoryI root = new DirectoryI();
+            root.activate(adapter);
 
             // All objects are created, allow client requests now.
             //
diff --git a/cs/demo/book/simple_filesystem/DirectoryI.cs b/cs/demo/book/simple_filesystem/DirectoryI.cs
index 6266ef77481..21f797304cd 100644
--- a/cs/demo/book/simple_filesystem/DirectoryI.cs
+++ b/cs/demo/book/simple_filesystem/DirectoryI.cs
@@ -14,25 +14,14 @@ public class DirectoryI : DirectoryDisp_
 {
     // DirectoryI constructor
 
-    public DirectoryI(string name, DirectoryI parent)
+    public DirectoryI(Ice.Communicator communicator, string name, DirectoryI parent)
     {
         _name = name;
         _parent = parent;
 
-        // Create an identity. The parent has the fixed identity "/"
+        // Create an identity. The root directory has the fixed identity "RootDir"
         //
-        Ice.Identity myID =
-            adapter.getCommunicator().stringToIdentity(_parent != null ? Ice.Util.generateUUID() : "RootDir");
-
-        // Add the identity to the object adapter
-        //
-        adapter.add(this, myID);
-
-        // Create a proxy for the new node and add it as a child to the parent
-        //
-        NodePrx thisNode = NodePrxHelper.uncheckedCast(adapter.createProxy(myID));
-        if (_parent != null)
-            _parent.addChild(thisNode);
+        _id = communicator.stringToIdentity(_parent != null ? Ice.Util.generateUUID() : "RootDir");
     }
 
     // Slice Node::name() operation
@@ -57,8 +46,19 @@ public class DirectoryI : DirectoryDisp_
         _contents.Add(child);
     }
 
-    public static Ice.ObjectAdapter adapter;
+    // Add servant to ASM and parent's _contents map.
+
+    public void activate(Ice.ObjectAdapter a)
+    {
+        NodePrx thisNode = NodePrxHelper.uncheckedCast(a.add(this, _id));
+        if(_parent != null)
+        {
+            _parent.addChild(thisNode);
+        }
+    }
+
     private string _name;
     private DirectoryI _parent;
+    private Ice.Identity _id;
     private ArrayList _contents = new ArrayList();
 }
diff --git a/cs/demo/book/simple_filesystem/FileI.cs b/cs/demo/book/simple_filesystem/FileI.cs
index 905409fcf15..f5cd63f7bb7 100644
--- a/cs/demo/book/simple_filesystem/FileI.cs
+++ b/cs/demo/book/simple_filesystem/FileI.cs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ public class FileI : FileDisp_
 {
     // FileI constructor
 
-    public FileI(string name, DirectoryI parent)
+    public FileI(Ice.Communicator communicator, string name, DirectoryI parent)
     {
         _name = name;
         _parent = parent;
@@ -23,16 +23,7 @@ public class FileI : FileDisp_
 
         // Create an identity
         //
-        Ice.Identity myID = adapter.getCommunicator().stringToIdentity(Ice.Util.generateUUID());
-
-        // Add the identity to the object adapter
-        //
-        adapter.add(this, myID);
-
-        // Create a proxy for the new node and add it as a child to the parent
-        //
-        NodePrx thisNode = NodePrxHelper.uncheckedCast(adapter.createProxy(myID));
-        _parent.addChild(thisNode);
+        _id = communicator.stringToIdentity(Ice.Util.generateUUID());
     }
 
     // Slice Node::name() operation
@@ -56,8 +47,16 @@ public class FileI : FileDisp_
         _lines = text;
     }
 
-    public static Ice.ObjectAdapter adapter;
+    // Add servant to ASM and parent's _contents map.
+
+    public void activate(Ice.ObjectAdapter a)
+    {
+        NodePrx thisNode = NodePrxHelper.uncheckedCast(a.add(this, _id));
+        _parent.addChild(thisNode);
+    }
+
     private string _name;
     private DirectoryI _parent;
+    private Ice.Identity _id;
     private string[] _lines;
 }
diff --git a/cs/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Server.cs b/cs/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Server.cs
index 8b8b0704fce..847cb80d2d2 100644
--- a/cs/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Server.cs
+++ b/cs/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Server.cs
@@ -27,21 +27,19 @@ public class Server
             //
             shutdownOnInterrupt();
 
-            // Create an object adapter (stored in the _adapter
-            // static members)
+            // Create an object adapter.
             //
             Ice.ObjectAdapter adapter = communicator().createObjectAdapterWithEndpoints(
                                             "SimpleFilesystem", "default -p 10000");
-            DirectoryI.adapter = adapter;
-            FileI.adapter = adapter;
 
             // Create the root directory (with name "/" and no parent)
             //
-            DirectoryI root = new DirectoryI("/", null);
+            DirectoryI root = new DirectoryI(communicator(), "/", null);
+            root.activate(adapter);
 
             // Create a file called "README" in the root directory
             //
-            File file = new FileI("README", root);
+            FileI file = new FileI(communicator(), "README", root);
             string[] text;
             text = new string[]{ "This file system contains a collection of poetry." };
             try {
@@ -49,14 +47,16 @@ public class Server
             } catch (GenericError e) {
                 Console.Error.WriteLine(e.reason);
             }
+            file.activate(adapter);
 
             // Create a directory called "Coleridge" in the root directory
             //
-            DirectoryI coleridge = new DirectoryI("Coleridge", root);
+            DirectoryI coleridge = new DirectoryI(communicator(), "Coleridge", root);
+            coleridge.activate(adapter);
 
             // Create a file called "Kubla_Khan" in the Coleridge directory
             //
-            file = new FileI("Kubla_Khan", coleridge);
+            file = new FileI(communicator(), "Kubla_Khan", coleridge);
             text = new string[]{ "In Xanadu did Kubla Khan",
                                  "A stately pleasure-dome decree:",
                                  "Where Alph, the sacred river, ran",
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ public class Server
             } catch (GenericError e) {
                 Console.Error.WriteLine(e.reason);
             }
+            file.activate(adapter);
 
             // All objects are created, allow client requests now
             //
diff --git a/demoscript/book/freeze_filesystem.py b/demoscript/book/freeze_filesystem.py
index cfaa96d72a6..fe3032277b2 100755
--- a/demoscript/book/freeze_filesystem.py
+++ b/demoscript/book/freeze_filesystem.py
@@ -13,13 +13,12 @@ import sys, signal
 def run(client, server):
     print "testing...",
     sys.stdout.flush()
-    client.expect('Created README')
+    client.expect('Created Coleridge/Kubla_Khan')
     server.expect('added')
     client.expect('Contents of filesystem:')
     server.expect('added')
     server.expect('added')
     server.expect('locate')
-    client.expect('Contents of file')
     server.expect('locate')
     client.expect('Down to a sunless sea')
     server.expect('locate')
diff --git a/java/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Client.java b/java/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Client.java
index 5c9b158630e..01aac52f880 100644
--- a/java/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Client.java
+++ b/java/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Client.java
@@ -11,6 +11,33 @@ import Filesystem.*;
 
 public class Client extends Ice.Application
 {
+    // Recursively print the contents of directory "dir" in tree fashion.
+    // For files, show the contents of each file. The "depth"
+    // parameter is the current nesting level (for indentation).
+
+    static void
+    listRecursive(DirectoryPrx dir, int depth)
+    {
+        char[] indentCh = new char[++depth];
+        java.util.Arrays.fill(indentCh, '\t');
+        String indent = new String(indentCh);
+
+        NodeDesc[] contents = dir.list();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < contents.length; ++i) {
+            DirectoryPrx subdir = DirectoryPrxHelper.checkedCast(contents[i].proxy);
+            FilePrx file = FilePrxHelper.uncheckedCast(contents[i].proxy);
+            System.out.println(indent + contents[i].name + (subdir != null ? " (directory):" : " (file):"));
+            if (subdir != null) {
+                listRecursive(subdir, depth);
+            } else {
+                String[] text = file.read();
+                for (int j = 0; j < text.length; ++j)
+                    System.out.println(indent + "\t" + text[j]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     class ShutdownHook extends Thread
     {
         public void
@@ -78,7 +105,7 @@ public class Client extends Ice.Application
             }
             catch(NameInUse ex)
             {
-                NodeDesc desc = rootDir.resolve("Coleridge");
+                NodeDesc desc = rootDir.find("Coleridge");
                 coleridge = DirectoryPrxHelper.checkedCast(desc.proxy);
                 assert(coleridge != null);
             }
@@ -106,33 +133,16 @@ public class Client extends Ice.Application
             }
 
             System.out.println("Contents of filesystem:");
-            java.util.Map contents = rootDir.list(ListMode.RecursiveList);
-            java.util.Iterator p = contents.keySet().iterator();
-            while(p.hasNext())
-            {
-                System.out.println("  " + (String)p.next());
-            }
-
-            NodeDesc desc = rootDir.resolve("Coleridge/Kubla_Khan");
-            FilePrx file = FilePrxHelper.checkedCast(desc.proxy);
-            assert(file != null);
-            String[] text = file.read();
-            System.out.println("Contents of file Coleridge/Kubla_Khan:");
-            for(int i = 0; i < text.length; ++i)
-            {
-                System.out.println("  " + text[i]);
-            }
+            listRecursive(rootDir, 0);
 
             //
             // Destroy the filesystem.
             //
-            contents = rootDir.list(ListMode.NormalList);
-            p = contents.entrySet().iterator();
-            while(p.hasNext())
+            NodeDesc[] contents = rootDir.list();
+            for(int i = 0; i < contents.length; ++i)
             {
-                java.util.Map.Entry e = (java.util.Map.Entry)p.next();
-                NodeDesc d = (NodeDesc)e.getValue();
-                System.out.println("Destroying " + (String)e.getKey() + "...");
+                NodeDesc d = contents[i];
+                System.out.println("Destroying " + d.name);
                 d.proxy.destroy();
             }
         }
diff --git a/java/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/DirectoryI.java b/java/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/DirectoryI.java
index 9502c94092d..81724029384 100644
--- a/java/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/DirectoryI.java
+++ b/java/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/DirectoryI.java
@@ -74,111 +74,44 @@ public final class DirectoryI extends PersistentDirectory
         _evictor.remove(_ID);
     }
 
-    public java.util.Map
-    list(ListMode mode, Ice.Current current)
+    public synchronized NodeDesc[]
+    list(Ice.Current current)
     {
-        java.util.Map result = null;
-        synchronized(this)
+        if(_destroyed)
         {
-            if(_destroyed)
-            {
-                throw new Ice.ObjectNotExistException(current.id, current.facet, current.operation);
-            }
-
-            result = (java.util.Map)((java.util.HashMap)nodes).clone();
+            throw new Ice.ObjectNotExistException(current.id, current.facet, current.operation);
         }
 
-        if(mode == ListMode.RecursiveList)
+        NodeDesc[] result = new NodeDesc[nodes.size()];
+        int i = 0;
+        java.util.Iterator p = nodes.values().iterator();
+        while(p.hasNext())
         {
-            java.util.Map children = new java.util.HashMap();
-            java.util.Iterator p = result.entrySet().iterator();
-            while(p.hasNext())
-            {
-                java.util.Map.Entry e = (java.util.Map.Entry)p.next();
-                NodeDesc desc = (NodeDesc)e.getValue();
-                if(desc.type == NodeType.DirType)
-                {
-                    DirectoryPrx dir = DirectoryPrxHelper.uncheckedCast(desc.proxy);
-                    try
-                    {
-                        java.util.Map d = dir.list(mode);
-                        java.util.Iterator q = d.entrySet().iterator();
-                        while(q.hasNext())
-                        {
-                            java.util.Map.Entry e2 = (java.util.Map.Entry)q.next();
-                            NodeDesc desc2 = (NodeDesc)e2.getValue();
-                            children.put(desc.name + "/" + desc2.name, desc2);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    catch(Ice.ObjectNotExistException ex)
-                    {
-                        // This node may have been destroyed, so skip it.
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            result.putAll(children);
+            result[i++] = (NodeDesc)p.next();
         }
-
         return result;
     }
 
-    public NodeDesc
-    resolve(String path, Ice.Current current)
+    public synchronized NodeDesc
+    find(String name, Ice.Current current)
         throws NoSuchName
     {
-        int pos = path.indexOf('/');
-        String child, remainder = null;
-        if(pos == -1)
-        {
-            child = path;
-        }
-        else
+        if(_destroyed)
         {
-            child = path.substring(0, pos);
-            while(pos < path.length() && path.charAt(pos) == '/')
-            {
-                ++pos;
-            }
-            if(pos < path.length())
-            {
-                remainder = path.substring(pos);
-            }
+            throw new Ice.ObjectNotExistException(current.id, current.facet, current.operation);
         }
 
-        synchronized(this)
+        if(!nodes.containsKey(name))
         {
-            if(_destroyed)
-            {
-                throw new Ice.ObjectNotExistException(current.id, current.facet, current.operation);
-            }
-
-            if(!nodes.containsKey(child))
-            {
-                throw new NoSuchName("no node exists with name `" + child + "'");
-            }
-
-            NodeDesc desc = (NodeDesc)nodes.get(child);
-            if(remainder == null)
-            {
-                return desc;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if(desc.type != NodeType.DirType)
-                {
-                    throw new NoSuchName("node `" + child + "' is not a directory");
-                }
-                DirectoryPrx dir = DirectoryPrxHelper.checkedCast(desc.proxy);
-                assert(dir != null);
-                return dir.resolve(remainder);
-            }
+            throw new NoSuchName(name);
         }
+
+        return (NodeDesc)nodes.get(name);
     }
 
     public synchronized DirectoryPrx
     createDirectory(String name, Ice.Current current)
-        throws IllegalName,
-               NameInUse
+        throws NameInUse
     {
         if(_destroyed)
         {
@@ -204,8 +137,7 @@ public final class DirectoryI extends PersistentDirectory
 
     public synchronized FilePrx
     createFile(String name, Ice.Current current)
-        throws IllegalName,
-               NameInUse
+        throws NameInUse
     {
         if(_destroyed)
         {
@@ -238,16 +170,11 @@ public final class DirectoryI extends PersistentDirectory
 
     private
     void checkName(String name)
-        throws IllegalName, NameInUse
+        throws NameInUse
     {
-        if(name.length() == 0 || name.indexOf('/') >= 0)
-        {
-            throw new IllegalName("illegal name `" + name + "'");
-        }
-
-        if(nodes.containsKey(name))
+        if(name.length() == 0 || nodes.containsKey(name))
         {
-            throw new NameInUse("name `" + name + "' is already in use");
+            throw new NameInUse(name);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/java/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Filesystem.ice b/java/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Filesystem.ice
index b8427f36525..b8b5b38d351 100644
--- a/java/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Filesystem.ice
+++ b/java/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/Filesystem.ice
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ module Filesystem
     };
     exception PermissionDenied extends GenericError {};
     exception NameInUse extends GenericError {};
-    exception IllegalName extends GenericError {};
     exception NoSuchName extends GenericError {};
 
     interface Node
@@ -23,8 +22,7 @@ module Filesystem
         idempotent string name();
 
         ["freeze:write"]
-        void destroy()
-            throws PermissionDenied;
+        void destroy() throws PermissionDenied;
     };
 
     sequence<string> Lines;
@@ -34,8 +32,7 @@ module Filesystem
         idempotent Lines read();
 
         ["freeze:write"]
-        idempotent void write(Lines text)
-            throws GenericError;
+        idempotent void write(Lines text) throws GenericError;
     };
 
     enum NodeType { DirType, FileType };
@@ -47,23 +44,18 @@ module Filesystem
         Node* proxy;
     };
 
-    dictionary<string, NodeDesc> NodeDict;
-
-    enum ListMode { NormalList, RecursiveList };
+    sequence<NodeDesc> NodeDescSeq;
 
     interface Directory extends Node
     {
-        idempotent NodeDict list(ListMode mode);
+        idempotent NodeDescSeq list();
 
-        idempotent NodeDesc resolve(string path)
-            throws NoSuchName;
+        idempotent NodeDesc find(string name) throws NoSuchName;
 
         ["freeze:write"]
-        File* createFile(string name)
-            throws NameInUse, IllegalName;
+        File* createFile(string name) throws NameInUse;
 
         ["freeze:write"]
-        Directory* createDirectory(string name)
-            throws NameInUse, IllegalName;
+        Directory* createDirectory(string name) throws NameInUse;
     };
 };
diff --git a/java/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/PersistentFilesystem.ice b/java/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/PersistentFilesystem.ice
index 774d2603eab..2895d2f5d14 100644
--- a/java/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/PersistentFilesystem.ice
+++ b/java/demo/book/freeze_filesystem/PersistentFilesystem.ice
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ module Filesystem
         Lines text;
     };
 
+    dictionary<string, NodeDesc> NodeDict;
+
     class PersistentDirectory extends PersistentNode implements Directory
     {
         ["freeze:write"]
diff --git a/java/demo/book/lifecycle/FilesystemI/DirectoryI.java b/java/demo/book/lifecycle/FilesystemI/DirectoryI.java
index d3ebea1d195..189ceceb759 100644
--- a/java/demo/book/lifecycle/FilesystemI/DirectoryI.java
+++ b/java/demo/book/lifecycle/FilesystemI/DirectoryI.java
@@ -119,8 +119,7 @@ public class DirectoryI extends _DirectoryDisp implements NodeI, _DirectoryOpera
             {
                 throw new NameInUse(name);
             }
-            FileI f = new FileI(c.adapter, name, this);
-            return FilePrxHelper.uncheckedCast(c.adapter.createProxy(f.id()));
+            return new FileI(name, this).activate(c.adapter);
         }
     }
 
@@ -145,8 +144,7 @@ public class DirectoryI extends _DirectoryDisp implements NodeI, _DirectoryOpera
             {
                 throw new NameInUse(name);
             }
-            DirectoryI d = new DirectoryI(c.adapter, name, this);
-            return DirectoryPrxHelper.uncheckedCast(c.adapter.createProxy(d.id()));
+            return new DirectoryI(name, this).activate(c.adapter);
         }
     }
 
@@ -185,14 +183,14 @@ public class DirectoryI extends _DirectoryDisp implements NodeI, _DirectoryOpera
 
     // DirectoryI constructor for root directory.
 
-    public DirectoryI(ObjectAdapter a)
+    public DirectoryI()
     {
-        this(a, "RootDir", null);
+        this("/", null);
     }
 
     // DirectoryI constructor. parent == null indicates root directory.
 
-    public DirectoryI(ObjectAdapter a, String name, DirectoryI parent)
+    public DirectoryI(String name, DirectoryI parent)
     {
         _name = name;
         _parent = parent;
@@ -202,14 +200,26 @@ public class DirectoryI extends _DirectoryDisp implements NodeI, _DirectoryOpera
 
         if(parent == null)
         {
-            _id.name = name;
+            _id.name = "RootDir";
         }
         else
         {
             _id.name = Util.generateUUID();
-            _parent.addChild(name, this);
         }
-        a.add(this, _id);
+    }
+
+
+    // Add servant to ASM and to parent's _contents map.
+
+    public DirectoryPrx
+    activate(Ice.ObjectAdapter a)
+    {
+        DirectoryPrx node = DirectoryPrxHelper.uncheckedCast(a.add(this, _id));
+        if(_parent != null)
+        {
+            _parent.addChild(_name, this);
+        }
+        return node;
     }
 
     // Add the name-node pair to the _contents map.
diff --git a/java/demo/book/lifecycle/FilesystemI/FileI.java b/java/demo/book/lifecycle/FilesystemI/FileI.java
index 8bd8d93158e..cb0fd1b5eec 100644
--- a/java/demo/book/lifecycle/FilesystemI/FileI.java
+++ b/java/demo/book/lifecycle/FilesystemI/FileI.java
@@ -72,15 +72,21 @@ public class FileI extends _FileDisp implements NodeI, _FileOperations
         }
     }
 
-    public FileI(ObjectAdapter a, String name, DirectoryI parent)
+    public FileI(String name, DirectoryI parent)
     {
         _name = name;
         _parent = parent;
         _destroyed = false;
         _id = new Identity();
         _id.name = Util.generateUUID();
-        _parent.addChild(name, this);
-        a.add(this, _id);
+    }
+
+    public FilePrx
+    activate(Ice.ObjectAdapter a)
+    {
+        FilePrx node = FilePrxHelper.uncheckedCast(a.add(this, _id));
+        _parent.addChild(_name, this);
+        return node;
     }
 
     private String _name;
diff --git a/java/demo/book/lifecycle/Server.java b/java/demo/book/lifecycle/Server.java
index 77e05c806f7..c6f681db73a 100644
--- a/java/demo/book/lifecycle/Server.java
+++ b/java/demo/book/lifecycle/Server.java
@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ class FilesystemApp extends Ice.Application
 
         // Create the root directory.
         //
-        new DirectoryI(adapter);
+        DirectoryI root = new DirectoryI();
+        root.activate(adapter);
+
 
         // All objects are created, allow client requests now.
         //
diff --git a/java/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Filesystem/DirectoryI.java b/java/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Filesystem/DirectoryI.java
index 2f963a7def6..016e7ff2275 100755
--- a/java/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Filesystem/DirectoryI.java
+++ b/java/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Filesystem/DirectoryI.java
@@ -14,25 +14,15 @@ public final class DirectoryI extends _DirectoryDisp
     // DirectoryI constructor
 
     public
-    DirectoryI(String name, DirectoryI parent)
+    DirectoryI(Ice.Communicator communicator, String name, DirectoryI parent)
     {
         _name = name;
         _parent = parent;
 
-        // Create an identity. The parent has the fixed identity "RootDir"
+        // Create an identity. The root directory has the fixed identity "RootDir"
         //
-        Ice.Identity myID = 
-            _adapter.getCommunicator().stringToIdentity(_parent != null ? Ice.Util.generateUUID() : "RootDir");
+        _id = communicator.stringToIdentity(_parent != null ? Ice.Util.generateUUID() : "RootDir");
 
-        // Add the identity to the object adapter
-        //
-        _adapter.add(this, myID);
-
-        // Create a proxy for the new node and add it as a child to the parent
-        //
-        NodePrx thisNode = NodePrxHelper.uncheckedCast(_adapter.createProxy(myID));
-        if (_parent != null)
-            _parent.addChild(thisNode);
     }
 
     // Slice Node::name() operation
@@ -62,8 +52,21 @@ public final class DirectoryI extends _DirectoryDisp
         _contents.add(child);
     }
 
-    public static Ice.ObjectAdapter _adapter;
+    // activate adds the servant to the object adapter and
+    // adds child nodes ot the parent's _contents list.
+
+    public void
+    activate(Ice.ObjectAdapter a)
+    {
+        NodePrx thisNode = NodePrxHelper.uncheckedCast(a.add(this, _id));
+        if(_parent != null)
+        {
+            _parent.addChild(thisNode);
+        }
+    }
+
     private String _name;
     private DirectoryI _parent;
+    private Ice.Identity _id;
     private java.util.List<NodePrx> _contents = new java.util.ArrayList<NodePrx>();
 }
diff --git a/java/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Filesystem/FileI.java b/java/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Filesystem/FileI.java
index 03661e0c93b..296bc1aadf4 100755
--- a/java/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Filesystem/FileI.java
+++ b/java/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Filesystem/FileI.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ public class FileI extends _FileDisp
     // FileI constructor
 
     public
-    FileI(String name, DirectoryI parent)
+    FileI(Ice.Communicator communicator, String name, DirectoryI parent)
     {
         _name = name;
         _parent = parent;
@@ -23,16 +23,7 @@ public class FileI extends _FileDisp
 
         // Create an identity
         //
-        Ice.Identity myID = _adapter.getCommunicator().stringToIdentity(Ice.Util.generateUUID());
-
-        // Add the identity to the object adapter
-        //
-        _adapter.add(this, myID);
-
-        // Create a proxy for the new node and add it as a child to the parent
-        //
-        NodePrx thisNode = NodePrxHelper.uncheckedCast(_adapter.createProxy(myID));
-        _parent.addChild(thisNode);
+        _id = communicator.stringToIdentity(Ice.Util.generateUUID());
     }
 
     // Slice Node::name() operation
@@ -60,8 +51,15 @@ public class FileI extends _FileDisp
         _lines = text;
     }
 
-    public static Ice.ObjectAdapter _adapter;
+    public void
+    activate(Ice.ObjectAdapter a)
+    {
+        NodePrx thisNode = NodePrxHelper.uncheckedCast(a.add(this, _id));
+        _parent.addChild(thisNode);
+    }
+
     private String _name;
     private DirectoryI _parent;
+    private Ice.Identity _id;
     private String[] _lines;
 }
diff --git a/java/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Server.java b/java/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Server.java
index 8e4142ea757..831c27354a8 100755
--- a/java/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Server.java
+++ b/java/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Server.java
@@ -17,21 +17,19 @@ public class Server extends Ice.Application {
         //
         shutdownOnInterrupt();
 
-        // Create an object adapter (stored in the _adapter
-        // static members)
+        // Create an object adapter.
         //
         Ice.ObjectAdapter adapter = communicator().createObjectAdapterWithEndpoints(
                                         "SimpleFilesystem", "default -p 10000");
-        DirectoryI._adapter = adapter;
-        FileI._adapter = adapter;
 
         // Create the root directory (with name "/" and no parent)
         //
-        DirectoryI root = new DirectoryI("/", null);
+        DirectoryI root = new DirectoryI(communicator(), "/", null);
+        root.activate(adapter);
 
         // Create a file called "README" in the root directory
         //
-        File file = new FileI("README", root);
+        FileI file = new FileI(communicator(), "README", root);
         String[] text;
         text = new String[]{ "This file system contains a collection of poetry." };
         try {
@@ -39,14 +37,16 @@ public class Server extends Ice.Application {
         } catch (GenericError e) {
             System.err.println(e.reason);
         }
+        file.activate(adapter);
 
         // Create a directory called "Coleridge" in the root directory
         //
-        DirectoryI coleridge = new DirectoryI("Coleridge", root);
+        DirectoryI coleridge = new DirectoryI(communicator(), "Coleridge", root);
+        coleridge.activate(adapter);
 
         // Create a file called "Kubla_Khan" in the Coleridge directory
         //
-        file = new FileI("Kubla_Khan", coleridge);
+        file = new FileI(communicator(), "Kubla_Khan", coleridge);
         text = new String[]{ "In Xanadu did Kubla Khan",
                              "A stately pleasure-dome decree:",
                              "Where Alph, the sacred river, ran",
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ public class Server extends Ice.Application {
         } catch (GenericError e) {
             System.err.println(e.reason);
         }
+        file.activate(adapter);
 
         // All objects are created, allow client requests now
         //
diff --git a/py/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Server.py b/py/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Server.py
index cf411d40b77..feccab79534 100755
--- a/py/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Server.py
+++ b/py/demo/book/simple_filesystem/Server.py
@@ -14,27 +14,17 @@ Ice.loadSlice('Filesystem.ice')
 import Filesystem
 
 class DirectoryI(Filesystem.Directory):
-    def __init__(self, name, parent):
+    def __init__(self, communicator, name, parent):
         self._name = name
         self._parent = parent
         self._contents = []
 
-        # Create an identity. The parent has the fixed identity "RootDir"
+        # Create an identity. The root directory has the fixed identity "RootDir"
         #
         if self._parent:
-            myID = self._adapter.getCommunicator().stringToIdentity(Ice.generateUUID())
+            self._id = communicator.stringToIdentity(Ice.generateUUID())
         else:
-            myID = self._adapter.getCommunicator().stringToIdentity("RootDir")
-
-        # Add the identity to the object adapter
-        #
-        self._adapter.add(self, myID)
-
-        # Create a proxy for the new node and add it as a child to the parent
-        thisNode = Filesystem.NodePrx.uncheckedCast(self._adapter.createProxy(myID))
-
-        if self._parent:
-            self._parent.addChild(thisNode)
+            self._id = communicator.stringToIdentity("RootDir")
 
     # Slice Node::name() operation
 
@@ -52,10 +42,15 @@ class DirectoryI(Filesystem.Directory):
     def addChild(self, child):
         self._contents.append(child)
 
-    _adpater = None
+    # Add servant to ASM and Parent's _contents map.
+
+    def activate(self, a):
+        thisNode = Filesystem.DirectoryPrx.uncheckedCast(a.add(self, self._id))
+        if self._parent:
+            self._parent.addChild(thisNode)
 
 class FileI(Filesystem.File):
-    def __init__(self, name, parent):
+    def __init__(self, communicator, name, parent):
         self._name = name
         self._parent = parent
         self.lines = []
@@ -64,23 +59,14 @@ class FileI(Filesystem.File):
 
         # Create an identity
         #
-        myID = self._adapter.getCommunicator().stringToIdentity(Ice.generateUUID())
-
-        # Add the identity to the object adapter
-        #
-        self._adapter.add(self, myID)
-
-        # Create a proxy for the new node and add it as a child to the parent
-        #
-        thisNode = Filesystem.NodePrx.uncheckedCast(self._adapter.createProxy(myID))
-        self._parent.addChild(thisNode)
+        self._id = communicator.stringToIdentity(Ice.generateUUID())
 
     # Slice Node::name() operation
 
     def name(self, current=None):
         return self._name
 
-    # Slice File::reas() operation
+    # Slice File::read() operation
 
     def read(self, current=None):
         return self._lines
@@ -90,7 +76,12 @@ class FileI(Filesystem.File):
     def write(self, text, current=None):
         self._lines = text
 
-    _adapter = None
+    # Add servant to ASM and Parent's _contents map.
+
+    def activate(self, a):
+        thisNode = Filesystem.FilePrx.uncheckedCast(a.add(self, self._id))
+        self._parent.addChild(thisNode)
+
 
 class Server(Ice.Application):
     def run(self, args):
@@ -98,32 +89,33 @@ class Server(Ice.Application):
         #
         self.shutdownOnInterrupt()
 
-        # Create an object adapter (stored in the _adapter static members)
+        # Create an object adapter
         #
         adapter = self.communicator().createObjectAdapterWithEndpoints("SimpleFileSystem", "default -p 10000")
-        DirectoryI._adapter = adapter
-        FileI._adapter = adapter
 
         # Create the root directory (with name "/" and no parent)
         #
-        root = DirectoryI("/", None)
+        root = DirectoryI(self.communicator(), "/", None)
+        root.activate(adapter)
 
         # Create a file called "README" in the root directory
         #
-        file = FileI("README", root)
+        file = FileI(self.communicator(), "README", root)
         text = [ "This file system contains a collection of poetry." ]
         try:
             file.write(text)
         except Filesystem.GenericError, e:
             print e.reason
+        file.activate(adapter)
 
         # Create a directory called "Coleridge" in the root directory
         #
-        coleridge = DirectoryI("Coleridge", root)
+        coleridge = DirectoryI(self.communicator(), "Coleridge", root)
+        coleridge.activate(adapter)
 
         # Create a file called "Kubla_Khan" in the Coleridge directory
         #
-        file = FileI("Kubla_Khan", coleridge)
+        file = FileI(self.communicator(), "Kubla_Khan", coleridge)
         text = [ "In Xanadu did Kubla Khan",
                  "A stately pleasure-dome decree:",
                  "Where Alph, the sacred river, ran",
@@ -133,6 +125,7 @@ class Server(Ice.Application):
             file.write(text)
         except Filesystem.GenericError, e:
             print e.reason
+        file.activate(adapter)
 
         # All objects are created, allow client requests now
         #
diff --git a/vb/demo/book/simple_filesystem/DirectoryI.vb b/vb/demo/book/simple_filesystem/DirectoryI.vb
index 3553791ed35..722efc77138 100755
--- a/vb/demo/book/simple_filesystem/DirectoryI.vb
+++ b/vb/demo/book/simple_filesystem/DirectoryI.vb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Public Class DirectoryI
         _parent = parent

 

         ' Create an identity. The

-        ' parent has the fixed identity "/"

+        ' root directory as the fixed identity "RootDir"

         '

         Dim myId As Ice.Identity

         If Not _parent Is Nothing Then